Author response image 1. Illustration of three replay detection methods on the decoded time by position/state spaces.

a. The Radon method tries to find the best fitting line (solid line) of the decoded positions as a function of time. The red bars indicate strong reactivation at given locations. b. The linear correlation method tests for a correlation between time and decoded position. c. The TDLM method on the other hand, does not directly measure relationship between state and time, but quantifies the strength of evidence for each possible transition, indicated by the solid black/grey dots, where the colour gradient indicates transition strength. For example, P5→P6 is lighter than P4→P5, this is because following reactivation of P5 in time T4, both P5 and P6 are reactivated at the same time – T5. Later this empirical transition matrix is compared to a theorical/ hypothesised one, to quantify the extent to which the empirical transitions fit with an experimental hypothesis.