Fig. 7. Effect of estrogen on the mRNA expression of transcription factors related to adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs. cADSCs were induced to adipogenic differentiation under MDIE and DRIE condition for 21 days. (A) PPARγ and (B) C/EBPα mRNA expression in MDIE condition and (C) PPARγ and (D) C/EBPα mRNA expression in DRIE condition were quantified by qRT-PCR. The results are presented as mean ± SEM.

cADSC, canine adipose-derived stem cell; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of mean; MDI, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine + dexamethasone + insulin; DRI, dexamethasone + rosiglitazone + insulin.

^*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01, ^‡p < 0.001 vs. MDI or DRI, ^§p < 0.05, ^∥p < 0.01, ^¶p < 0.001 vs. MDIE or DRIE.