Table 4.

Multivariate models on progression-free and overall survival from randomization.

Factor	PFS		OS
	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Age group S2 (vs. S1)	1.28 (0.95–1.72)	0.11	1.61 (1.06–2.44)	0.03
Age group S3 (vs. S1)	1.00 (0.76–1.31)	0.99	1.20 (0.81–1.76)	0.36
Induction therapy (VCD)	0.88 (0.70–1.10)	0.27	1.06 (0.77–1.46)	0.73
Maintenance strategy (LEN-CR)	1.14 (0.91–1.43)	0.25	1.60 (1.15–2.23)	0.005
Sex (male)	1.32 (1.04–1.66)	0.02	1.16 (0.83–1.62)	0.38
WHO PS (>1)	1.37 (0.96–1.96)	0.08	1.95 (1.26–3.02)	0.003
ISS stage II	1.45 (1.10–1.91)	0.009	1.76 (1.13–2.72)	0.01
ISS stage III	1.74 (1.30–2.34)	<0.001	2.66 (1.70–4.16)	<0.001
LDH (>ULN)	1.51 (1.10–2.06)	0.01	1.32 (0.86–2.02)	0.21
Adverse cytogenetics (yes)	1.77 (1.39–2.25)	<0.001	2.62 (1.89–3.64)	<0.001
IgA subtype (yes)	1.02 (0.77–1.33)	0.91	1.07 (0.74–1.56)	0.71

Age groups are defined as: ≤60 years (S1), 61–65 years (S2) and 66–70 years (S3). Adverse cytogenetics were defined as at least one of the following aberrations: deletion17p13, translocation t(4;14), translocation t(14;16), gain 1q21 (>3 copies).

Bold p values are statistically significant.

VCD bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, LEN lenalidomide, CR complete response, WHO World Health Organization, PS performance status, ISS International Staging System, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ULN upper limit of normal, Ig immunoglobulin.