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. 2021 Jul 12;89(7):415–426. doi: 10.1007/s00239-021-10016-2

Table 3.

Disciplinary attitudes to the three levels of analysis

Level in hiearchy Typical rank emphasis of research area (1 is highest importance)
Natural history Molecular biology Mathematical biology Biochemical origins Principles of life
Level 3: optimization 2 3 1 2 1
Level 2: constraints 1 2 2 3 x
Level 1: materials 3 1 3 1 y