Table 3.
Research articles on pediatric invasive BCIs: Study objectives and data collection details.
| References | Study objective | Sample size [females] | Age (years) | Diagnosis | Applications | BCI paradigm | Mode of operation | Signal type | Data acquisition | Task and sessions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanchez et al. (2008) | Present techniques to spatially localize motor potentials | Pediatric N = 2 [2] |
14–15 P1: 14 P2: 15 |
Intractable epilepsy | Neuroprosthetics | Arm reaching and pointing | Synch | ECoG |
Location: sensorimotor cortex # Channels: 36 and 32 Hardware and Software: -MATLAB® |
Task: arm reaching and pointing # Sessions: 1 Session duration: 6 task repetitions Task duration: 5 s |
| Breshears et al. (2011) | Decodable nature of pediatric brain signals for the purpose of neuroprosthetic control |
N = 11 [n/a] Pediatric N = 6 [1] |
9–46 Pediatric 9–15 P1: 15 P2: 11 P3: 15 P4: 9 P5: 12 P6: 13 |
Intractable epilepsy | Neuroprosthetics/mouse control | MI or motor execution (hand opening/closing, tongue protrusions, phoneme articulation) | Synch | ECoG |
Location: motor, temporal, and prefrontal areas, depending on the patient # Channels: 48 or 64 Hardware and Software: -AdTech electrode arrays - g.tec amplifier -BCI2000 -MATLAB® |
Task: move a cursor on a screen along one-dimension using motor execution or imagined movement # Sessions: 1 Session duration: 10–37 min Task duration: 2–3 s |
| Pistohl et al. (2012) | ECoG signal decoding for hand configurations in an everyday environment | Pediatric N = 3 [3] |
14–16 P1: 14 P2: 16 P3: 15 |
Epilepsy | Neuroprosthetics/reach-to-grasp | Motor execution | Asynch (self-paced) | ECoG |
Location: electrodes residing over hand-arm motor cortex as identified through anatomical location and electrical stimulation # Channels: 48 or 64 Hardware and Software: -IT-Med clinical EEG-System |
Task: reach-to-grasp movements (self-paced and largely self-chosen movements) # Sessions: 1 Session duration: – Time of analyzed data: P1: 32 min (303 grasps) P2: 35.3 min (338 grasps) P3: 25.4 min (320 grasps) Task duration: 60 ms per grasp |
| Pistohl et al. (2013) | Time of grasps from human ECoG recording from the motor cortex during a sequence of natural and continuous reach-to-grasp movements | Pediatric N = 3 [3] |
14–16 P1: 14 P2: 16 P3: 15 |
Same as Pistohl et al. (2012) as the participants and experimental paradigm is the same. | ||||||
N, number of participants; ECoG, electrocorticography; P#, pediatric participant number; MI, motor imagery; synch, synchronous; asynch, asynchronous; n/a, not applicable.