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. 2021 Jul 28;11:15397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94632-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shark and ray species with worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea between 2003/5 and 2015. (a) Percentage of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea with worsening versus static IUCN status between IUCN Red List assessments (Northeast Atlantic 2005–2015, Mediterranean Sea 2003–2015). (b) Shark and ray species with worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic between 2005 and 2015 and (c) between 2003 and 2015 in the Mediterranean Sea (LC: Least Concern, NT: Near Threatened, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, CR: Critically Endangered). Bold species names indicate a status change by two IUCN categories between assessments. Italicised species names indicate those for which IUCN status was predicted in previous research²⁵. Line thickness (range 1–8) and point size (range 1–10) signifies number of species, as do numbers over each point and next to arrows. Species illustrations by Marc Dando^©.