Figure 3.

Between-trial adjustments in the Error

(A) Reinforcement-based adjustments in the Error during Day 1 training. Absolute between-trial adjustments in the Error (Error_BTC = |Error_n+1-Error_n|) according to the reinforcement feedback (i.e., Success or Failure) encountered at trial_n in the three Group_TYPES (gray: Group_-S, light green: Group_-SR, dark green: Group_-SRR). Notably, these bins of trials were constituted based on the success threshold-normalized Error at trial_n in order to compare adjustments in motor commands following trials of similar Error in the three groups. Stars denote significant group differences in Error_BTC for a given outcome (left panel, see STAR Methods). Reinforcement-based adjustments (Error_BTC after Failure in percentage of Error_BTC after Success) were compared in the three Group_TYPES (right panel).

(B) Correlations between the magnitude of reinforcement-based adjustments in the Error and the average success rate on the next trial, showing the relevance of these adjustments in the present task. Each dot represents a subject.

(C, D) Same for Day 2 training. Note that reinforcement-based adjustments in motor commands remained amplified in Group_SRR, despite the absence of reward on Day 2.

(E) Sensory-based adjustments in the Error during Day 1 training. Error_BTC following trials_n with Failures of different Error magnitudes (left panel). Sensory-based adjustments (Error_BTC after Large Failure in percentage of Error_BTC after Small Failure) were compared in the three Group_TYPES (right panel).

(F) Correlations between the magnitude of sensory-based adjustments in the Error and the probability of success on the next trial, showing the relevance of these adjustments for task success.

(G, H) Same for Day 2 training. ∗: p < 0.05. Data are represented as mean ± SE.