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. 2021 Jul 7;24(7):102821. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102821

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© 2021 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Between-trial adjustments in initiation time, amplitude error and variability

Reinforcement-based adjustments in the Force_Initiation (A), Force_AmplError (B) and Force_Variability (C). Absolute between-trial changes (BTC) for each motor component (Force_BTC = |Force_n+1-Force_n|) according to the reinforcement feedback (i.e., Success or Failure) encountered at trial_n in the three Group_TYPES (gray: Group_-S, light green: Group_-SR, dark green: Group_-SRR). Notably, these bins of trials were constituted based on the success threshold-normalized Error at trial_n. Stars denote significant group differences in Error_BTC for a given outcome (left panel). Reinforcement-based adjustments (Force_BTC after Failure in percentage of Force_BTC after Success) in the three Group_TYPES (right panel). Sensory-based adjustments in the Force_Initiation (D), Force_AmplError (E) and Force_Variability (F). Force_BTC following trials_n with Failures of different Error magnitudes (left panel). Sensory-based adjustments (Force_BTC after Large Failure in percentage of Force_BTC after Small Failure) in the three Group_TYPES (right panel). ∗: p < 0.05. Data are represented as mean ± SE.