Table 5.
Prevalence of Trauma / Adverse Childhood Experiences
| Trauma or Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) [number who declined to respond] | Overall (N=249) |
No chronic disease (N=133) | Non-complex chronic disease (N=44) | Complex and chronic disease (N=72) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Any ACES reported [4] | 92 (38) | 38 (29) | 21 (48) | 33 (46) | 0.017 |
| 4 or more ACES reported [4] | 22 (9) | 10 (8) | 5 (11) | 7 (10) | 0.70 |
| Parent or guardian divorced or separated [6] | 58 (24) | 21 (16) | 14 (32) | 23 (32) | 0.016 |
| Been involved with Child Protective Services [11] | 31 (13) | 15 (12) | 5 (12) | 11 (16) | 0.73 |
| Lived with anyone who had a problem with alcohol or drugs [7] | 27 (11) | 13 (10) | 7 (16) | 7 (10) | 0.54 |
| Lived with anyone who was mentally ill , suicidal, or severely depressed [6] | 25 (10) | 12 (9) | 7 (16) | 6 (8) | 0.39 |
| Parent or guardian served time in jail [5] | 20 (8) | 8 (6) | 6 (14) | 6 (8) | 0.30 |
| Was a victim of violence or witnesses violence in neighborhood [4] | 19 (8) | 6 (5) | 4 (9) | 9 (13) | 0.12 |
| Saw or heard parents or adults slap, kick, or punch one another [6] | 16 (7) | 5 (4) | 2 (5) | 9 (13) | 0.048 |
| Parent or guardian died [5] | 10 (4) | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | 6 (8) | 0.09 |
| Been involved in the juvenile justice system [6] | 10 (4) | 5 (4) | 2 (5) | 3 (4) | 0.98 |
| Treated or judged unfairly because of his or her race or ethnic group [4] | 8 (3) | 5 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 0.40 |
a
P value from χ2 test of association between medical complexity and potential risk factor.