Table 5.
The adjusted mean differences of depression scores during pregnancy periods associated with DSM-5 symptoms of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and potential risk factors.
| Depression scores in pregnancy trimesters | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | First + second | First + second + third | ||||
| Adj. βa | (95% CI)a | Adj. βa | (95% CI)a | Adj. βa | (95% CI)a | |
| Continuous variables | ||||||
| Age, year | 0.08 | (− 0.09, 0.25) | 0.13 | (− 0.02, 0.28) | 0.10 | (− 0.05, 0.24) |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | − 0.03 | (− 0.25, 0.19) | − 0.17* | (− 0.31, − 0.03) | − 0.14* | (− 0.25, − 0.03) |
| DSM-5 symptoms, no | 0.31 | (− 0.06, 0.69) | 0.25* | (0.04, 0.45) | 0.21* | (0.04, 0.38) |
| Categorical variables | ||||||
| Educational level | ||||||
| High school | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| College | − 3.03* | (− 5.31, − 0.75) | − 2.76* | (− 4.81, − 0.72) | − 2.73* | (− 4.70, − 0.77) |
| Graduate school | − 3.86* | (− 6.69, − 1.02) | − 3.06* | (− 5.62, − 0.50) | − 2.62* | (− 5.09, − 0.14) |
| Amount of SSB intake, mL/day | ||||||
| Non-intake | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 1–500 | − 1.69 | (− 3.68, 0.32) | − 0.18 | (− 1.32, 0.95) | 0.24 | (− 0.65, 1.13) |
| > 500 | − 1.65 | (− 4.01, 0.71) | 0.16 | (− 1.17, 1.50) | 0.41 | (− 0.62, 1.44) |
| Nulliparous | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 0.67 | (− 0.89, 2.23) | 0.16 | (− 1.23, 1.55) | 0.52 | (− 0.82, 1.86) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 0.50 | (− 1.09, 2.10) | 0.56 | (− 0.87, 2.00) | 0.44 | (− 0.95, 1.82) |
aAdjusted regression coefficients (Adj. β) were adjusted for all covariates listed in the table. The 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the Adj. β
*Denotes p value < 0.05.