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. 2021 Jul 28;11:15385. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94868-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study selection process. Our initial search of databases yielded 575 records. We searched the reference lists of relevant studies and related systematic reviews and found no additional records. After 445 records were excluded, 130 full-text articles were appraised. Thirty-eight were included in the qualitative synthesis and twenty-four were included in the quantitative analysis and meta-analyses. (CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature).

Adapted from Moher et al.⁶⁵.