TABLE 1.

Mutation sites destabilizing SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to neutralizing antibodies.

Destabilizing mutations on SARS-CoV-2 RBD
	R403	K417	G447	N448	Y449∗	N450	L452∗	Y453	L455c*	F456c	E484c*	G485c	F486c	C488	Y489∗	F490c*	P491	L492∗	Q493∗	S494∗	Y495	G496
H11-D4 (nanobody)					○	○	○		○		○				○	○	○	○	○	○
VH1-2-15(nanobody)					○					○	○	○		○	○	○		○		○		○
SR4 (sybody)			○		○		○	○	○	○					○	○		○	○	○		○
MR17 (sybody)	○	○						○	○		○		○	○	○	○			○		○
P2B-2F6 (Fab)			○	○	○	○	○				○					○
Identified variants
aUnited Kingdom (Nigeria); B.1.525											E484K
aUnited Kingdom B.1.1.7											E484K									S494P			N501Y
aUnited States (New York); B.1.526											E484K
aUnited States (California) B.1.427, B.1.429							L452R
aUnited States (New York); B.1.526.1							L452R
aIndia B.1.617, B.1.617.1 B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3							L452R				E484Q
aBrazil, P.1		K417N									E484K												N501Y
aBrazil, P.2					‘						E484K
aSouth Africa, B.1.351		K417N									E484K												N501Y
aJapan, P.1		K417T									E484K												N501Y
bPeru, C.37							L452R									F490S							N501Y

*Hotspots.

^aU.S. Department of Health and Human Services (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html).

^bEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern).

^cMutations at other structurally adjacent sites in the RBD’s receptor-binding ridge can also have substantial antigenic effects.

The bold values are residue number in SARS-COV-2 RBD.