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. 2021 Jul 15;12:661117. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661117

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Copyright © 2021 Bell and Vendruscolo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of currently known functions of α-synuclein at synapses. The functions of α-synuclein are still to be fully elucidated, but at synapses they may include lipid-related functions, such as regulation of synaptic vesicle pools via sorting and clustering, remodelling of lipid membranes, in particular tubulation and biogenesis, and promotion of SNARE complex assembly and synaptic vesicle release, as well as non-lipid related functions, including modulation of dopamine synthesis via tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that converts tyrosine into L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and regulation of dopamine transport through dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) (7, 8).