TABLE 1.

Recent studies of genome editing therapy for viral infectious diseases.

Virus	Context	Genome editing technology	Strategy	References
HIV	Autologous CD4 T cells in people	ZFN	Lead to a five-nucleotide duplication modification (pentamer) in CCR5	Tebas et al., 2014
	HeLa-derived TZM-bI cells. Latently infected microglial, promonocytic, and T cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Excise a 9,709-bp fragment of integrated proviral DNA spanning from its 5′ to 3′ LTRs	Hu W. et al., 2014
	Three different animal models	CRISPR/Cas9	A quadruplex cocktail strategy to lead to multiplex fragmental deletions and multiple indel mutations in the HIV-1 provirus	Yin C. et al., 2017
	Infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells within transgenic mouse models	CRISPR/Cas9	Remove the proviral DNA fragment from the HIV-1 viral genome within the LTRs	Bella et al., 2018
	Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transplanted to a patient with HIV and acute lymphoblastic leukemia	CRISPR/Cas9	Result in indels in CCR5 that lead to CCR5 ablation	Xu et al., 2019
	Antiretroviral therapy in non-human primates	CRISPR/Cas9	Eliminate proviral SIV DNA	Mancuso et al., 2020
	SupT1 cells	CRISPR/Cas12a	Target relatively conserved HIV sequences including LTRs	Gao et al., 2020
	HIV-1 infected HEK293T and Jurkat cells, and latently infected JLat10.6 cells	CRISPR/Cas13a	Target the conserved regions of HIV-1	Yin et al., 2020
HBV	HepG2 cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Lead to mutations and deletions in cccDNA	Seeger and Sohn, 2014
	Huh7 cells, HBV persistent mouse model	CRISPR/Cas9	Reduce the production of HBV core and surface proteins	Lin et al., 2014
	HepG2 and HeoG2.2.15 cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Target the core, polymerase, and X ORFs	Ramanan et al., 2015
	Huh7 cells, HeoG2.2.15 cells, mouse model carrying HBV cccDNA	CRISPR/Cas9	Target the conserved regions of HBV	Dong et al., 2015
	HepG2 and HeoG2.2.15 cells, HBV-Tg mice	CRISPR/Cas9	Target the surface antigen (HBsAg)-encoding region of HBV	Zhen et al., 2015
	Stable HBV cell line	CRISPR/Cas9	Cut a 3,175-bp HBV DNA fragment	Li et al., 2017
	Infected hNTCP-HepG2 cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Target the S open reading frame of HBV	Scott et al., 2017
HPV	HPV-transformed cervical carcinoma cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Target and inactivate the E6 and E7 oncogenes	Kennedy et al., 2014
	HPV-transformed cervical carcinoma cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Disrupt the HPV16 E7 gene	Hu Z. et al., 2014
	HPV-transformed cervical carcinoma cells/mice	CRISPR/Cas9	Targeting promoter of HPV16 and targeting the E6 and E7 transcripts	Zhen et al., 2014
	HPV-transformed cervical carcinoma cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Disrupt the HPV16 E6 gene	Yu et al., 2015
HSV-1	Vero cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Target 12 essential genes and 2 non-essential genes	van Diemen et al., 2016
	Human oligodendroglioma cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Indel mutations in exon 2 of the ICP0 gene in the HSV-1 genome	Roehm et al., 2016
SARS-CoV-2	Synthesized fragments of SARS-CoV-2	CRISPR/Cas13d	Design and screen crRNAs targeting conserved viral regions. Identify 40 functional crRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2	Abbott et al., 2020
	SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome data from 19 patients in China, United States, and Australia	CRISPR/Cas13d	In silico 10,333 guide RNAs to specifically target 10 peptide-coding regions of the ORF1ab and S genes	Nguyen et al., 2020