Table 1.
Descriptive data on pregnancy and birth characteristics
| Adolescent group n = 63 |
Adult group n = 35 |
t/X² | p-value | Larger cohort studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Maternal age at birth (years) | 18.6 ± 2.0 | 29.8 ± 2.7 | -21.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| Gender of child | 2.904 | .088 | ||||
| female | 49 % | 31 % | 48.72 %5 | |||
| male | 51 % | 67 % | 51.27 %5 | |||
| Pregnancy and birth | ||||||
| Number of prenatal care appointments | 12 ± 3.61 | 12 ± 1.94 | .530 | .597 | 16.5 ± 4.7111.345 | |
| Detection of pregnancy (gestational week) | 8.73 ± 5.06 | 6.31 ± 2.11 | 3.251 | .002 | ||
| Number of medical complications during pregnancy | 0.56 ± 0.74 | 0.20 ± 0.41 | 3.083 | .003 | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 3.2 % | 2.9 % | 2.0 %2, 5.90 %5 | |||
| Pre-eclampsia | 4.8 % | 0 % | 3.8 %4,, 3.0 %1 | |||
| Premature labour | 7.9 % | 0 % | 1.87 %5 | |||
| Antepartum bleeding | 4.8 % | 5.7 % | 5,3 %6, 1.21 %5 | |||
| Cervical insufficiency | 12.7 % | 2.9 % | 1.32 %5 | |||
| Urinary stasis and urinary tract infections | 7.9 % | 0 % | 0.1 %1, 0.34 %5 | |||
| Placental insufficiency | 6.3 % | 0 % | 0.78 %5 | |||
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | 3.2 % | 5.7 % | 0.29 %5, 0.8 %7 | |||
| Gestational hypertension | 1.6 % | 0 % | 1.33 %5 | |||
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 3.2 % | 0 % | ||||
| Imminent abortion | 0 % | 2.9 % | ||||
| Birthweight (g) |
3202.14 ± 544.50 |
3517.57 ± 485.33 |
-2.85 | .005 | 3,457 (± 497)6 | |
| Low birthweight (LBW) (≤ 2,500 g) | 11.1 % | 0 % | 4.19 | .041 | 4.3 %3, 7.03 %5 | |
| Umbilical cord pH | 7.27 ± 0.08 | 7.27 ± 0.06 | − 0.18 | 0.859 | ||
| Mode of delivery | 1.34 | 0.512 | ||||
| Spontaneous | 71.4 % | 62.9 % | 68.02 %5 | |||
| Cesarean section | 23.8 % | 34.3 % | 24.70 %5 | |||
| Instrumental vaginal | 4.8 % | 2.9 % | 7.21 %5 | |||
1Leppalahti et al., 2013: Based on 51,142 Finish women aged 25–29 years[7] 2Huy et al., 2012: Based on 186,818 German women aged 25–29 years [26] 3Rebhan et al., 2009: Based on 3,092 German women (> 18years) [27] 4 Abalos et al., 2013: Based on 1,093,782 European women [28] 5IQTIG Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Health Care, federal evaluation for the year of registration 2017 - obstetrics, based on 761,481 German mothers [29] 6McCormack, R., et al., 2008, based on 21,685 women aged 18–35 years[30] 7Vikanes et al., 2008, based on 23,640 mothers from Western Europe [31] 8Diemert et al., 2016, based on 200 German women > 18 years (Exclusion obstetrical risk factors) [32] - In most cases, the larger cohort studies also included prematurely born infants or infants with congenital anomalies.