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. 2021 Jul 29;19(6):4393–4413. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01289-6

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 1 — Conceptual representation of the use of magnetic nanoadsorbents and integration of magnetic separation in existing wastewater treatment facilities for micropollutant removal. This concept is envisioned in three major phases. First, the effluent from the secondary treatment stage is treated with selected magnetic nanoadsorbent. This phase will be an advanced treatment. Second, the treated effluent from the advanced treatment phase is processed in an integrated magnetic separation system, where the micropollutant-laden magnetic nanoadsorbents are decoupled from the purified wastewater. Third, the purified water and micropollutant-loaded magnetic nanoadsorbents are separated in two different streams for further use and processing. The micropollutant-loaded magnetic nanoadsorbents are then regenerated. Created with BioRender.com.