Fig. 3.

Enhanced activation in the lymphoid cells of pregnant COVID-19 patients. a Percentages of B cell subtypes from the PHC, PCovM, PCovS, NHC, NCovM, and NCovS groups. Violin plots showing the expression of genes involved in BCR signaling in memory B cell (b) or TCR signaling in CD8 CTL (e). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, adjusted for Bonferroni post hoc test. Top GO terms and pathways enriched for DEGs in naive B, memory B (c), or CD8 CTL (f) cells. Color scale indicates adjusted p values, which was derived from a hypergeometric test. The size of symbols is in proportion to gene counts enriched in the corresponding GO terms. d Heatmaps of DEGs enriched in “B cell activation” pathway for memory B and naive B cell cells. The color scale indicates the average log (fold change over the healthy controls) of representative genes