Exhibit 2:

Impact of the online advertisement campaign on total costs and out-of-pocket cost by service category

	Emergency Department visit		Imaging services		Physical therapy
	Estimate	P-value	Estimate	P-value	Estimate	P-value
Differential change in total prices paid (percent change)	4.4%	0.07	0.3%	0.26	18.3%	0.16
Differential change in out-of-pocket costs (percent change)	3.1%	0.08	−1.6%	0.01	18.2%	0.17

Source: Author’s estimates from the HIRD database.

Note: Difference-in-difference coefficient estimates andp-values from the main analysis are presented for the primary and secondary outcomes across the 3 service categories of interest. The estimates represent the differential percentage change in the outcome in the post-intervention period (January 1, 2019 – June 30, 2019) relative to the pre-intervention in New Hampshire compared to control states. Coefficient estimates are multiplied by 100 to approximate percentage changes. Heterogeneity robust standard errors clustered at the state level were estimated.