3D printing allows for precise, layered construction of anatomical models via imaging modalities such as CT and MRI.

Printed orbital models enhance surgical planning and allow custom fitting of implants for improved fit, reduced surgical time, and fewer complications.

Glasses, contact lenses, surgical instruments, diagnostic tools, and drug delivery devices making use of this technology are in development.

Bioprinting of cell-laden tissues has been demonstrated in other parts of the body, and progress has been made toward printing of corneal and retinal tissues for both research and transplantation.