Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study (years) | Country | Mean age, year | Sample size |
Reported biomarkers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severity (%) | Mortality (%) | ||||
| Du et al. [8] | China | 57.6 | – | 179 (12) | cTnI |
| Shi et al. [9] | China | 63 | – | 671 (9) | cTnI |
| Lanza et al. [10] | China | 65.9 | – | 324 (14) | cTnI |
| Pan et al. [11] | China | 65 | – | 124 (72) | cTnI |
| Zhao et al. [12] | China | 64 | – | 83 (59) | cTnI |
| Ozdemir et al. [13] | Turkey | 76 | – | 350 (16) | cTnI |
| Chen et al. [14] | China | 65 | – | 681 (15) | cTnI |
| Tuo et al. [15] | China | 67 | – | 146 (34) | cTnI, Mb |
| Peiro et al. [16] | China | 67.5 | – | 196 (19) | cTnI |
| Guo et al. [17] | China | 61 | – | 74 (62) | cTnI, CK-MB, Mb |
| Zhang et al. [18] | Turkey | 54 | – | 432 (95) | cTnI, CK-MB, Mb |
| Zhu et al. [19] | China | 68 | – | 64 (63) | cTnI, CK-MB, Mb |
| Rodriguez-Nava et al. [20] | USA | 68 | – | 313 (32) | hs-cTn |
| Bennouar et al. [21] | Algeria | 62.3 | – | 120 (31) | hs-cTn |
| Kocayigit et al. [22] | Turkey | 69.6 | – | 103 (50) | hs-cTn, CK-MB |
| Barman et al. [23] | Turkey | 68.5 | – | 607 (17) | hs-cTn, hs-cTnI, CK-MB |
| Luo et al. [24] | China | 56 | – | 403 (25) | hs-cTnI |
| Chen et al. [25] | China | 62 | – | 274 (41) | hs-cTnI |
| Ghio et al. [26] | Italy | 68.6 | – | 405 (31) | hs-cTnI |
| Zhang et al. [27] | China | 64.03 | – | 48 (35) | hs-cTnI |
| Li et al. [28] | China | 57 | – | 102 (15) | hs-cTnI |
| Viana-Llamas et al. [29] | Spain | 71 | – | 609 (21) | hs-cTnI |
| Sit et al. [30] | Turkey | 57.4 | – | 205 (31) | hs-cTnI, CK-MB |
| Wang et al. [31] | China | 64 | – | 344 (39) | hs-cTnI, CK-MB |
| Zhou et al. [32] | China | 56 | – | 191 (28) | hs-cTnI |
| Hu et al. [33] | China | 62 | – | 50 (32) | hs-cTnI |
| Cao et al. [34] | China | 56.6 | – | 101 (35) | hs-cTnI, Mb |
| Primmaz et al. [35] | Switzerland | 64 | – | 129 (19) | hs-cTnT |
| Zhou et al. [36] | China | 59.5 | – | 220 (24) | hs-cTnT |
| Larcher et al. [37] | France | 67 | – | 32 (29) | Hs-cTnT |
| Li et al. [38] | China | 66 | – | 74 (19) | CK-MB |
| Wu et al. [39] | China | 51 | – | 84 (52) | CK-MB |
| Vassiliou et al. [40] | Greece | 62 | – | 38 (26) | CK-MB |
| Cortes-Telles et al. [41] | Mexico | 55 | – | 200 (39) | CK-MB |
| Aladag et al. [42] | Turkey | 68 | – | 50 (30) | CK-MB |
| Ruan et al. [43] | China | – | – | 150 (45) | Mb |
| Wang et al. [44] | China | 63 | – | 202 (16) | Mb |
| Deng et al. [45] | China | 64.5 | – | 262 (20) | Mb |
| Wang et al. [46] | China | 59.2 | – | 293 (40) | Mb |
| Zhao et al. [7] | China | 52 | 77 (26) | 77 (53) | CK-MB, Mb |
| Li et al. [47] | China | 63 | 2068 (23) | 476 (38) | hs-cTnI |
| 1539 (20) | 305 (33) | CK-MB | |||
| – | 311 (33) | Mb | |||
| Cao et al. [48] | China | 50.1 | 175 (10) | – | cTnI |
| Li et al. [49] | China | 50.1 | 299 (8) | – | cTnI |
| Chen et al. [50] | China | – | 126 (16) | – | cTnI |
| Liaqat et al. [51] | Pakistan | 44.6 | 144 (28) | – | cTnI |
| Lano et al. [52] | France | 73.5 | 122 (37) | – | cTnT |
| Vial et al. [53] | Chile | 37 | 88 (20) | – | cTnT |
| Han et al. [54] | China | 63 | 59 (45) | – | cTnI, CK-MB |
| Deng et al. [55] | China | 65 | 45 (60) | – | cTnI, CK-MB |
| Peng et al. [56] | China | 61 | 208 (15) | – | cTnI, CK-MB |
| Peng et al. [57] | China | 62 | 96 (14) | – | cTnI, CK-MB |
| He et al. [58] | China | 63 | 1031 (49) | – | hs-cTnI |
| Taghiloo et al. [59] | Iran | 62 | 61 (36) | – | hs-cTnI |
| Wang et al. [6] | China | 56 | 138 (26) | – | hs-cTnI, CK-MB |
| Zhang et al. [60] | China | 55 | 221 (25) | – | hs-cTnI, CK-MB |
| Rivinius et al. [61] | Germany | 58.6 | 21 (38) | – | hs-cTnT |
| Xiong et al. [62] | China | 58.5 | 116 (47) | – | hs-cTnT, CK-MB, Mb |
| Ma et al. [63] | China | 48 | 84 (24) | – | CK-MB |
| Wang et al. [64] | China | 45 | 242 (15) | – | CK-MB |
| Gong et al. [65] | China | 49 | 177 (15) | – | CK-MB |
| Wu et al. [66] | China | 43.12 | 280 (30) | – | CK-MB |
| Abohamr et al. [67] | Saudi Arabia | 46.36 | 768 (46) | – | CK-MB |
| Saleh et al. [68] | Germany | 67 | 40 (33) | – | CK-MB |
| Zeng et al. [69] | China | 64 | 416 (8) | – | CK-MB, Mb |
| Zheng et al. [70] | China | 49.4 | 88 (35) | – | Mb |
| Li et al. [71] | China | 57 | 193 (34) | – | Mb |
| Yang et al. [72] | China | 56 | 136 (24) | – | Mb |
*Disease severity based on the guidelines for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of China and the World Health Organization interim guidance for COVID-19. cTnI: cardiac troponin I; cTnT: cardiac troponin T; hs-cTn: high-sensitive cardiac troponin; hs-cTnI: high-sensitive cardiac troponin I; hs-cTnT: high-sensitive cardiac troponin T; CK-MB:creatine kinase-MB; Mb: myoglobin.
Serum levels of cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, high-sensitive cardiac troponin I, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase-MB, and myoglobin and severity of COVID-19 infection.