Table 3.
Cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, and blood pressure in women, comparison between REI categories.
| Women | All Groups (n = 947) | REI 0 (n = 197) | REI 1 (n = 162) | REI 2 (n = 122) | REI 3–4 (n = 161) | REI 5–7 (n = 140) | REI 8–14 (n = 112) | REI ≥ 15 (n = 53) | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 56 ± 6 | 52 ± 5 | 55 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 57 ± 6 | 58 ± 5 | 58 ± 5 | 58 ± 5 | < .001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 4.8 | 23.5 ± 3.5 | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 4.5 | 25.7 ± 3.7 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 6.3 | 31.8 ± 5.2 | < .001 |
| Obesity† (%) | 18.3 | 1.4 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 14.5 | 29.0 | 38.3 | 72.0 | < .001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus‡ (%) | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 8.0 | 15.1 | < .001 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 26.7 | 17.3 | 19.1 | 31.1 | 26.1 | 39.3 | 33.9 | 28.3 | < .001 |
| Sleepiness§ (%) | 19.3 | 19.9 | 21.3 | 16.5 | 15.8 | 19.1 | 20.5 | 25.0 | .749 |
| Active smoking (%) | 9.4 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 11.3 | .318 |
| Alcohol (units/week) | 4 (0–8) | 4 (0–8) | 4 (1–10) | 2 (0–7) | 4 (0–8) | 5 (0–1) | 5 (0–11) | 4 (1–14) | .136 |
| Hypertension and blood pressure | |||||||||
| Hypertension¶ (%) | 37.8 | 20.8 | 30.9 | 37.7 | 37.3 | 47.1 | 54.5 | 64.2 | < .001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 126 ± 15 | 121 ± 13 | 126 ± 15 | 128 ± 15 | 127 ± 16 | 128 ± 15 | 128 ± 15 | 134 ± 15 | < .001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 79 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 78 ± 9 | 81 ± 8 | 79 ± 9 | 80 ± 9 | 80 ± 10 | 85 ± 10 | < .001 |
| Not drug-treated (number) | 724 | 172 | 133 | 99 | 128 | 92 | 68 | 32 | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124 ± 15 | 120 ± 13 | 125 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 126 ± 17 | 125 ± 15 | 124 ± 14 | 131 ± 13 | < .001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 78 ± 9 | 74 ± 8 | 78 ± 9 | 80 ± 8 | 79 ± 9 | 80 ± 10 | 80 ± 9 | 85 ± 9 | .002 |
Data are number, percentage (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range). *P value: comparison between REI groups. †Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. ‡Type 2 diabetes mellitus: fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or the use of blood glucose lowering medication. §Sleepiness: Epworth Sleepiness Scale > 10. ¶Hypertension: drug-treated, physician-diagnosed, or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg during study visit. BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, REI = respiratory event index.