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. 2021 Jul 15;12:682094. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682094

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Copyright © 2021 Piatek, Tarkowski, Namiecinska, Riva, Wieczorek, Michlewska, Dulska, Domowicz, Kulińska-Michalska, Lewkowicz and Lewkowicz

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The changes within the histone H3K4me3 affect principle processes responsible for antimicrobial functions of neutrophils in HIV-infected individuals. (A) A list of selected biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components responsible for the ability to neutralize pathogens by neutrophils and in further posttranscriptional histone modifications. The bars represent mean values for HCs (n=3) and HIV-infected individuals (n=3). The analysis of all Gene Ontology (GO) processes with statistic and FDR analysis are provided in the Supplementary Table S4 . (B) The analysis of target genes in the GO term ‘Neutrophil activation’ revealed 14 specific genes in HIV individuals and 83 in HC. The analysis of target genes in the GO term ‘Cytokines’ revealed only specific gene TTC19 for HIV. (C) The ICC analysis with double labeling for H3K4me3 (green pseudocolor) and H3Ac (red) confirmed GO findings suggesting the increased methylation and decreased acetylation process within histone H3 in HIV-infected individuals. Nonspecific fluorescence (signal noise) was electronically diminished to the level when nonspecific signal was undetectable (background). The bars represent average fluorescence intensity ± SD calculated from four patients, using at least 100 single cells for each test.