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. 2021 Jul 29;16(7):e0255050. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255050

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis.

Psychological distress during COVID-19 without mentioning it as a cause mean SD %
    Major depression score (n = 2228; range from 0 to 50) 7.60 7.79 7.0% (mild; 21+)
    Perceived stress score (n = 2212; range from 0 to 16) 4.73 2.98 20.8% (≥ 8; sometimes on average)
    Sleep quality (n = 2223; range from 0 to 3) 2.01 0.68 18.8% (rather bad or bad)
Psychological distress due to COVID-19 mentioning it as a cause
    Psychological trauma due to COVID-19 (n = 2240; sum of items, range 0 to 88) 7.98 10.23 4.7% some symptoms (24+) 3.5% probable trauma (33+)
    Fear due to COVID-19 (n = 2260; range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) 1.02 0.68 10.6% at least moderate (2+)
    Isolation due to COVID-19 (n = 2211; range from 0 (never) to 3 (very often) 0.65 0.64 6.0% at least often (2+)