Table 2.

Demographic, clinical, operative, and postoperative characteristics undergoing major abdominal surgery by patient reported textbook outcomes and clinically defined textbook outcomes

Variable	Patient-reported TO	p-value	Clinically defined TO	p-value
Demographics
Age, years, n (%)
<65	43 (84)	0.54	30 (59)	1.00
≥65	25 (89)		17 (61)
Gender, n (%)
Male	29 (85)	0.86	19 (55)	0.57
Female	39 (87)		28 (62)
Race, n (%)
White	63 (86)	0.84	45 (62)	0.22
Non-White	5 (83)		2 (33)
Patient and operative characteristics
BMI, n (%)
Normal	21 (91)	0.67	14 (61)	0.96
Obese	19 (83)		14 (61)
Overweight	28 (85)		19 (58)
ASA class
2	10 (91)	0.73	6 (55)	0.90
3	56 (85)		40 (61)
4	2 (100)		1 (50)
Albumin, g/dl, n (%)
<3.5	17 (81)	0.43	11 (52)	0.44
≥3.5	51 (88)		36 (62)
Cancer diagnosis, n (%)	59 (86)	0.70	40 (58)	0.47
Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%)	22 (85)	0.79	14 (54)	0.47
Type of surgery, n (%)
Gastrointestinal	32 (80)		20 (50)
Liver	14 (100)	0.28	13 (93)	0.04
Pancreas	20 (87)		13 (57)
Other	2 (100)		1 (50)
Operative approach, n (%)
Open	39 (93)		22 (47)
Robotic	23 (96)	0.13	19 (79)	0.01
Laparoscopic	3 (60)		5 (100)
Conversion to open	3 (100)		1 (33)
Postoperative characteristics
Drain on discharge, n (%)	6 (86)	0.98	3 (43)	0.35
Perioperative transfusion, n (%)	3 (50)	0.03	-	-
Postoperative complications, n (%)	21 (78)	0.12	-	-
Additional procedures, n (%)	7 (78)	0.44	-	-
Reoperation, n (%)	1 (50)	0.26	-	-
Length of stay >10 days, n (%)	6 (75)	0.34	-	-
Discharge to home, n (%)	0 (0)	0.14	-	-
Readmission ≤90 days, n (%)	10 (59)	<0.01	-	-

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; g/dl, grams/deciliter; TO, textbook outcome