Table 3.
The experimental setting for different algorithms. In this table, DA, FE, PS, C denote respectively data augmentation, fusion and ensemble, patch selection, and classifiers. The ratio between training and test data is shown in the column “Train: Test”. For the performance-patch/voting, the numbers between parenthesis denote the number of models/sensors in the test set. It should be noted that the evaluation matrix for 8, 20 is that 0.7 × (accuracy of unaltered images) + 0.3 × (accuacy of manipulated images). Some works evaluated the performance on multiple datasets; only the most representative ones are shown in this table.
| Arch. | Input Size |
D.A. | F./E. | P.S. | C. | Train: Test | Dataset | Perf. (Patch) | Perf. (Voting) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Sensor | Model | Sensor | |||||||||
| [23] | A1 | 48 × 48 × 3 | - | - | - | Softmax | 7:3 | Dresden [62] | 72.9% (27) | 29.8% (74) | 94.1% (27) | - |
| [24] | A2 | 32 × 32 × 3 | - | - | - | Softmax | MICHE-I [63] | 98.1% (3) | 91.1% (5) | - | - | |
| [25] | A3 | 36 × 36 × 3 | - | - | - | SVM | 8:2 | Dresden [62] | - | - | - | 99.9% (10) |
| [26] | A4 | 64 × 64 × 3 | - | - | ✓ | Softmax | 3:2 | Dresden [62] | 93% (25) | - | >98% (25) | - |
| [27] | A5 | 256 × 256 × 3 | - | - | - | Softmax | 7:3 | Dresden [62] | 94.7% (27) | 45.8% (74) | - | - |
| [29] | A6 | 64 × 64 × 3 | - | - | - | Softmax | 8:2 | VISION [64] | - | 80.77% (35) | - | 97.47% (35) |
| DenseNet-40 | 32 × 32 × 3 | - | 87.96% (35) | - | 95.06% (35) | |||||||
| DenseNet-121 | 224 × 224 × 3 | - | 93.88% (35) | - | 99.10% (35) | |||||||
| XceptionNet | 299 × 299 × 3 | - | 95.15% (35) | - | 99.31% (35) | |||||||
| [31] | DenseNet-201 + SE-Block |
256 × 256 × 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | SE-block | 3.2:1 | SPC2018 [7] | 98.37% (10, weighted) | - | - | - |
| [36] | A6 | 64 × 64 × 3 | - | - | ✓ | SVM | Dresden [62] | 93% (18) | - | >95 % (18) | - | |
| [37] | A7 | 64 × 64 × 3 | - | - | ✓ | Softmax | Dresden [62] | 94.93% (18) | - | - | - | |
| [38] | A8 | 256 × 256 × 2 | ✓ | ✓ | - | ET | 4:1 | Dresden [62] | 98.58% (26) | - | - | - |
| [39] | A9 | 256 × 256 | - | - | - | Softmax | 8:2 | Dresden [62] | 98.99% (12) 98.01% (14) |
- | - | - |
| [41] | A10 | 256 × 256 × 3 | ✓ | - | - | Softmax | 8:2 | Dresden [62] | 98.78% (12) 97.41% (14) |
- | - | - |
| [43] | A12 | 64 × 64 × 3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Softmax | 4:1 | Dresden [62] | - | 97.03% (9) | - | - |
| [32] | DenseNet-161 | 480 × 480 × 3 | ✓ | - | - | Softmax | SPC2018 [7] | 98% (10, weighted) | - | - | - | |
| [42] | A11 | 64 × 64 × 3 | ✓ | ✓ | - | Softmax | 4:1 | Dresden [62] | - | 94.14% (9) | - | - |
| [33] | Inception-Xception | 299 × 299 | - | ✓ | ✓ | Softmax | SPC2018 [7] | 93.29% (10, weighted) | - | - | - | |
| [28] | ResNet-modified | 48 × 48 × 3 | ✓ | - | - | Softmax | Dresden [62] | - | - | 79.71% (27) | 53.4% (74) | |