Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants according to the family history of cardiovascular diseasea.
| Characteristics | All (n = 22,024) % (SE) or mean±SD | No family history (n = 18,246) % (SE) or mean±SD | Family history (n = 3,778) % (SE) or mean±SD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||
| Sex | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 49.5 (0.3) | 50.0 (0.4) | 46.4 (1.0) | |
| Female | 50.5 (0.3) | 50.0 (0.4) | 53.6 (1.0) | |
| Age (years) | 44.7±17.8 | 43.6±18.9 | 50.4±27.2 | <0.0001 |
| Marital status | <0.0001 | |||
| Married | 66.3 (0.5) | 35.9 (0.6) | 21.8 (0.9) | |
| Single/divorced/separated/widowed | 33.7 (0.5) | 64.1 (0.6) | 78.2 (0.9) | |
| Educational status | <0.0001 | |||
| Middle school or lower | 17.4 (0.4) | 16.7 (0.4) | 21.2 (0.8) | |
| High school | 28.0 (0.5) | 27.0 (0.5) | 33.1 (0.9) | |
| College or higher | 54.6 (0.6) | 56.3 (0.7) | 45.7 (1.1) | |
| Employment status | 0.238 | |||
| Manual | 22.4 (0.5) | 22.2 (0.5) | 23.6 (0.9) | |
| Non-manual | 44.3 (0.5) | 44.5 (0.5) | 43.4 (1.0) | |
| Others (students or housewives) | 33.3 (0.4) | 33.3 (0.4) | 33.0 (0.9) | |
| Income | 0.267 | |||
| Low | 12.4 (0.4) | 12.5 (0.4) | 12.0 (0.7) | |
| Lower middle | 23.2 (0.5) | 23.1 (0.5) | 23.7 (0.9) | |
| Upper middle | 31.2 (0.6) | 31.5 (0.6) | 30.0 (1.0) | |
| High | 33.1 (0.7) | 32.9 (0.7) | 34.3 (1.1) | |
| Residential area | 0.565 | |||
| Urban | 64.6 (0.9) | 64.7 (1.0) | 64.1 (1.2) | |
| Rural | 35.4 (0.9) | 35.3 (1.0) | 35.9 (1.2) | |
| Health insurance | 0.915 | |||
| Medicare | 97.0 (0.2) | 97.0 (0.2) | 97.0 (0.4) | |
| Medical aid | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.4) | |
| Health status | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.1 | 23.7±3.4 | 24.1±6.5 | <0.0001 |
| Overweight or obesity | 55.7 (0.4) | 55.0 (0.5) | 59.5 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Self-rated health | <0.0001 | |||
| Very poor/poor | 15.3 (0.3) | 14.6 (0.3) | 19.1 (0.7) | |
| Fair | 52.4 (0.4) | 52.2 (0.4) | 53.2 (1.0) | |
| Good/Excellent | 32.3 (0.4) | 33.2 (0.4) | 27.7 (0.9) | |
| Prevalence of chronic diseases | ||||
| Hypertension | 22.8 (0.4) | 20.1 (0.4) | 32.5 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9.0 (0.2) | 8.6 (0.2) | 11.3 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 15.5 (0.3) | 14.1 (0.3) | 23.1 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Healthy behaviors | ||||
| Weight controlb | 70.8 (0.5) | 70.1 (0.5) | 70.2 (1.2) | 0.585 |
| No smoking | 78.2 (0.4) | 78.0 (0.4) | 79.3 (0.9) | 0.162 |
| Non-risky drinking | 86.8 (0.3) | 86.8 (0.3) | 86.3 (0.7) | 0.485 |
| Sufficient physical activity | 50.1 (0.5) | 51.4 (0.5) | 48.4 (1.0) | 0.003 |
| Health screening within the last 2 years | 64.6 (0.4) | 63.2 (0.5) | 72.1 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
All data were weighted to the standard Korean population.
aAt least one first-degree relative with ischemic heart disease or stroke.
bThe analysis included only those who are overweight or obese (n = 12,373).
P values were obtained by adjusted Wald test for means or chi-square test for proportions.
Abbreviation: SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation.