Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression models for ischaemic stroke within 14 days following COVID-19 onset in the matched cohort study
|
Stroke |
Univariable models |
Multivariable model |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=424 406) | Yes (n=62) | OR (95% CI; p value) | OR (95% CI; p value) | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis | ||||
| No | 340 920 (99·99%) | 32 (0·01%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 83 486 (99·96%) | 30 (0·04%) | 4·52 (2·65–7·70; p<0·0001) | 3·63 (1·69–7·80; p=0·0009) |
| wCCI | ||||
| Mean | 1·05 (2·06) | 4·85 (3·69) | 1·41 (1·25–1·59; p<0·0001) | 1·46 (1·25–1·71; p<0·0001) |
| Income quintiles* | ||||
| 1 | 83 121 (99·99%) | 10 (0·01%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 2 | 83 329 (99·99%) | 8 (0·01%) | 0·80 (0·28–2·29; p=0·68) | 0·40 (0·09–1·75; p=0·23) |
| 3 | 82 626 (99·99%) | 5 (0·01%) | 0·63 (0·19–2·07; p=0·44) | 0·44 (0·10–1·99; p=0·29) |
| 4 | 80 142 (99·97%) | 21 (0·03%) | 1·62 (0·65–4·04; p=0·30) | 1·24 (0·37–4·12; p=0·73) |
| 5 | 81 057 (99·98%) | 18 (0·02%) | 1·59 (0·63–4·00; p=0·32) | 0·48 (0·12–1·94; p=0·30) |
| Data missing | 14 131 (3·33%) | 0 | .. | .. |
| Education | ||||
| Tertiary | 154 519 (99·99%) | 17 (0·01%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Secondary | 173 072 (99·99%) | 25 (0·01%) | 1·15 (0·58–2·29; p=0·68) | 1·95 (0·73–5·23; p=0·19) |
| Primary | 76 412 (99·98%) | 19 (0·02%) | 1·22 (0·58–2·56; p=0·59) | 1·63 (0·54–4·92; p=0·39) |
| Data missing | 20 406 (4·81%) | 1 (1·61%) | .. | .. |
| Country of birth | ||||
| Sweden | 324 554 (99·99%) | 45 (0·01%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Other high-income country | 33 289 (99·98%) | 7 (0·02%) | 1·34 (0·52–3·44; p=0·55) | 1·44 (0·43–4·74; p=0·55) |
| Middle-income country | 45 440 (99·99%) | 5 (0·01%) | 2·00 (0·68–5·85; p=0·21) | 1·17 (0·25–5·45; p=0·84) |
| Low-income country | 20 911 (99·98%) | 5 (0·02%) | 10·13 (1·90–54·05; p=0·0067) | 11·92 (0·78–181·12; p=0·074) |
| Data missing | 212 (0·05%) | 0 | .. | .. |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD) except where otherwise stated. Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the included study population; individuals with a previous acute myocardial infarction or stroke were excluded from the study. Day 0 is excluded from the study period due to risk of selection bias. OR=odds ratio. wCCI=weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index.
*
Quintile 1 is the highest income, quintile 5 is the lowest income.