Table 4.

Application of various vascular catheters in pediatric patients. Derived in accordance with Vibhavari et al. [65].

Type of catheter	Insertion site	Catheter size		Dwell time (Term)	Advantages	Disadvantages
	Leg and hand dorsum, veins of the scalp, great saphenous vein, external jugular vein, antecubital	Neonates	24 G		Economical, uncomplicated and with fewer complications	Inability to draw blood, short term usage
Peripheral venous catheter		Infants	22 G	Up to five days (Short)
		Children	20 G
Central line midline catheters	The forearm and arm deep veins	Neonates	24 G	Up to 2 weeks(Intermediate)	No need for radiological confirmation; inserted easily and with longerdwell time	Can not be used to draw blood; only solutions which are peripherally compatible canbe applied
		Infants	22 G
		Children	20 G
		Neonates	1 Fr			Requires experienced specialist, need sradiological confirmation, requires training of patients for suitable device care
	Superficial basilic and cephalic vein, brachial deep vein(The catheter size is smaller than one-third of the vein diameter)	Infants	2 Fr	Few weeks to a few months and in viable catheters up to one year(Intermediate)	Patients are more comfortable and could be sent home; the possibility of blood drawing
PICC		Small children	3 Fr
		Old children
			4 Fr
Non-tunneled central line	Femoral veins, subclavian artery and internal jugular vein	Neonates	3 Fr	1 to 2 weeks(Short)	Irritant chemotherapy agents, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, central venous pressure monitoring, and multiple lumens	Due to the higher risk of being affected by infection, their usage duration is limited and patients can not be sent home
		Infants	4 Fr
		Small children	5 Fr
		Old children	7 Fr