Table 1.
Summary of age and visual motor integration performance studies.
| Authors | Descriptions | Subjects | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coutinho et al. [45] | Explored the effectiveness of iPad applications in children four years to seven years old with poor VMI skills | 20 children between the ages of four years and seven years 11 months with poor VMI skills | No significant difference was found |
| Ercan et al. [43] | Utilized the Beery VMI to investigate the VMI skills of children of varying socioeconomic statuses | Children between the ages of 60 months to 72 months from low and high economic status | Children 67 to 72 months and those of high socioeconomic status had better VMI scores |
| Fang et al. [46] | Utilized the Beery VMI to examine the relationship between motor coordination, visual perception, and executive function to VMI skills | 151 children between the ages of four and six years of age | VMI skills of children increased at four years of age and peaked at five years of age |
| Heiz and Barisnikov [47] | Utilized the Beery VMI to assess the VMI differences between children with Williams syndrome and those of typical development | 26 participants with Williams syndrome aged six to 41 years old and 154 children of typical development between the ages of four and 12 years old | Age did not influence ability in the children with Williams syndrome, whereas age was a significant factor for those of typical development |
| Ng et al. [48] | Utilized the Beery VMI to examine performance differences in preschool children | 288 children between three years six months to five years 11 months from 54 preschools | Hong Kong cohort scored significantly better when compared to the normative sample of preschoolers in the United States |
| Visser et al. [44] | Utilized the Beery VMI to investigate skills of five-year-old English-speaking children who reside in South Africa | 68 children between the ages of five years six months to five years 11 months from seven schools | VMI skills of children scored below average in all the subtests, but compared well to the normative sample established in the United States |
Note. The abbreviations “Beery VMI” and “VMI” represent the “Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration” and “visual motor integration”, respectively.