Table 3.

HSP extracellular vesicles in predictive and prognostic biomarker studies.

HSPs	Disease type	Sample type	Findings	Reference
HSP70	Carcinoma cells	Cell lines	Stimulate migration and cytolytic activity of natural killer cells	[51]
	Breast cancer	Plasma samples	Higher in breast and lung cancers, compared with control groups	[118]
	Lung cancer	Plasma samples	Increase in metastatic lung cancer	[118]
	Human prostate carcinoma	Cell lines	Recognition of the tumor cells by the immune system	[165]
	Breast, lung, and ovarian cancer	Urine samples	HSP70 exosomes were higher in cancer patients than in healthy donors	[166]
HSP90	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	Cell line	Lymph-node-metastatic	[26]
HSP70 and HSP90	Melanoma	Plasma from different disease stages	Disease progression and metastasis	[93]
HSP72	Thymoma, mammary carcinoma, and colon carcinoma	Mouse tumor cell lines	Stat3 activation (tumor survival mechanism and immunosuppressive function)	[87]