Table 1.
Study participant demographics, body composition, and physiological data
|
BMI < 30 kg/m2 (N = 19; 10F/9M) Mean (Range) |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 (N = 20; 13F/7M) Mean (Range) |
Correlation with BMI R (P Value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Body Composition | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 (20.5–29.3) | 37.4 (30.7–45.8)* | |
| Age, yr | 37.32 (30–53) | 40.85 (30–55) | 0.247 (P = 0.130) |
| Mass, kg | 73.0 (50.8–94.0) | 107.0 (87.4–159.0)* | |
| Height, cm | 170.0 (154.7–184.9) | 169.1 (157.4–192.7) | |
| Body fat, % | 31.2 (21.5–42.6) | 47.6 (34.5–57.9)* | 0.861 (P < 0.001) |
| Body fat, kg | 21.8 (12.4–32.3) | 49.1 (31.5–73.5)* | 0.952 (P < 0.001) |
| Fat-free mass, kg | 50.6 (36.8–71.5) | 56.4 (39.5–85.2) | 0.385 (P = 0.015) |
| A:G ratio | 0.99 (0.55–1.44) | 1.21 (1.0–1.42)* | 0.554 (P < 0.001) |
| Adipocyte lipid content, µ/cell | 0.573 (0.076–0.987) | 1.212 (0.712–2.118)* | 0.756 (P < 0.001) |
| Blood Chemistry | |||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 84.9 (74.5–92.7) | 83.7 (72.5–99.3) | 0.004 (P = 0.983) |
| Fasting insulin, µIU/mL | 3.36 (1.23–6.71) | 8.88 (2.37–19.60)* | 0.795 (P < 0.001) |
| Fasting TG, mg/dL | 74.4 (37.3–213.0) | 156.6 (55.7–472.0)* | 0.554 (P < 0.001) |
| TyG | 7.98 (7.28–9.2) | 8.64 (7.71–9.83)* | 0.5408 (P < 0.001) |
| Inflammatory Markers | |||
| WBC, × 109/mL | 6.1 (3.5–8.8) | 6.5 (4.6–9.4) | 0.174 (P = 0.289) |
| ESR, mm/h | 6.2 (0–20) | 9.5 (1–32) | 0.305 (P = 0.071) |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.14 (0.01–0.69) | 0.58 (0.04–4.25)* | 0.671 (P < 0.001) |
| TNFα, pg/mL | 0.78 (0.31–1.60) | 0.98 (0.55–1.4)* | 0.458 (P = 0.003) |
| GM-CSF, pg/mL | 55.0 (5.2–268.7) | 36.9 (16.6–80.2) | –0.194 (P = 0.238) |
| IFNγ, pg/mL | 15.8 (3.3–23.8) | 14.9 (6.4–41.0) | 0.132 (P = 0.424) |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 1.34 (0.28–2.08) | 1.27 (0.54–3.34) | 0.076 (P = 0.646) |
| IL-2, pg/mL | 4.07 (0.73–6.35) | 4.87 (1.24–24.04) | 0.199 (P = 0.223) |
| IL-4, pg/mL | 20.56 (4.75–58.33) | 21.66 (6.11–72.96) | 0.155 (P = 0.346) |
| IL-5, pg/mL | 1.46 (0.16–2.51) | 1.50 (0.36–3.94) | 0.256 (P = 0.116) |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.8 (0.8–9.2) | 5.8 (1.7–20.0)* | 0.218 (P = 0.182) |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 4.91 (1.94–8.96) | 5.01 (2.62–12.18) | 0.214 (P = 0.190) |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 7.07 (0.82–46.69) | 10.21 (0.73–99.22) | 0.067 (P = 0.683) |
| IL-12, pg/mL | 2.94 (0.04–7.91) | 2.35 (0.63–6.83) | –0.036 (P = 0.828) |
| IL-13, pg/mL | 4.46 (0.04–9.73) | 4.32 (0.59–10.75) | 0.150 (P = 0.362) |
| IL-17A, pg/mL | 12.78 (1.39–24.43) | 12.06 (1.46–43.11) | 0.124 (P = 0.451) |
| IL-23, pg/mL | 386.4 (48.4–1,087.6) | 325.0 (60.9–875.5) | 0.089 (P = 0.588) |
Thirty-nine participants (23 F/16 M) aged 30–55 yr with BMIs ranging from 20.5 to 45.8 participated in the study. Body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Adipocyte cell size (lipid content) was determined from subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy samples (N = 34). Fasting blood samples were collected to assess fasting concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and inflammatory cytokines. Data are presented as mean (range). *Significant difference (P < 0.05) between participants with BMI < 30 kg/m2 and those with BMI > 30 kg/m2, and the correlation coefficients (r) between BMI and body composition and physiological data are presented. A:G, android:gynoid; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; F, female; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFNγ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; M, male; TG, triglycerides; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α; TyG, triglyceride-glucose index; WBC, white blood count.