TABLE 3.
Characteristics of included studies on the association between magnesium intake and cancer mortality in adults aged >18 y1
| Author, year (ref) | Country | Age (y) | Sample size (n) | Follow-up2 (y) | Cases (n) | Exposure | Exposure assessment | FCT used | NOS score | MG mean (mg/d) | MG range (mg/d) | MG intake comparison (mg/d) | ES (95% CI)3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dai et al. 2013 (43) | China | 40–74 | M:61,414 | 13 | M:1616 | DMG | 81-item FFQ | Chinese food composition | 9 | NR | 232–347 | ≥320 vs. <251 | HR: 0.93 (0.68, 1.29) |
| F: 73,232 | F: 1050 | 258–367 | HR: 0.89 (0.7, 1.14) | ||||||||||
| Guasch-Ferré et al. 2014 (15) | Spain | 55–80 | B: 7216 | 4.8 | 130 | DMG | 137-item FFQ | Spanish food composition | 8 | NR | 312–442 | >391 vs. <326 | HR: 0.55 (0.33, 0.91) |
| Kaluza et al. 2010 (21) | Swedish | 45–79 | M: 23,366 | 10 | 738 | DMG | 96-ietm FFQ | Swedish National Food Administration Database | 8 | NR | 387–523 | ≥481 vs. <426 | HR: 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) |
| Tao et al. 2016 (40) | US | 35–79 | F: 1170 | 7.3 | 100 | DMG | 121-item FFQ | US food composition | 7 | 241 | 156–306 | ≥268 vs. <193 | HR: 0.7 (0.33, 1.49) |
| 70 | TMG | 295 | 185–381 | ≥332.2 vs. <234.2 | HR: 0.74 (0.33, 1.64) | ||||||||
| Li et al. 2011 (20) | German | 35–64 | B: 24,323 | 11 | 513 | DMG | 122-item FFQ | Minnesota Nutrition Data System | 8 | 244 | 189–330 | >354 vs. <280 | HR: 1.04 (0.79, 1.36) |
| Zhong et al. 2020 (17) | US | 55–74 | B:104,025 | 11.5 | 100 | DMG | 137-item FFQ | USDA sources | 8 | NR | 205–408 | >358.1 vs. <256 | HR: 0.34 (0.18, 0.66) |
| B:104,025 | 100 | TMG | 301–413 | >413.2 vs. <301 | HR: 0.37 (0.19, 0.71) | ||||||||
| B:104,025 | 100 | SMG | NR | User vs. nonuser | HR: 1.12 (0.76, 1.67) | ||||||||
| Chen et al. 2019 (18) | US | >20 | B: 27,725 | 6.1 | 666 | DMG | Food recall | US food composition | 7 | 294 | NR | >EAR vs. <EAR | RR: 0.71 (0.55, 0.99) |
| B: 27,725 | 666 | TMG | 338 | NR | >EAR vs. <EAR | RR: 0.97 (0.74, 1.28) | |||||||
| B: 27,725 | 636 | SMG | 147 | NR | User vs. nonuser | RR: 1.04 (0.82, 1.32) | |||||||
| Mursu et al. 2011 (22) | US | 55–69 | F: 38,772 | 19 | 4923 | SMG | 127-item FFQ | USDA sources | 8 | NR | NR | User vs. nonuser | HR: 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) |
1
B, both male and female; DMG, dietary magnesium; EAR, estimated average requirement; ES, effect size; F, female; FCT, food composition table; M, male; MG, magnesium; NOS, Newcastle Ottawa Scale; NR, not reported; SMG, supplemental magnesium; TMG, total magnesium; ref, reference.
2
Number of years that individuals were followed in the prospective cohort studies.
3
These ESs are for the highest compared with lowest comparison.