Table 1.
General characteristics of participants by age group
| Characteristic | Age 45–64 y (N=4,927) |
Age ≥65 y (N=3,133) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight stable <±5 kg | Weight gain ≥5 kg | Weight loss ≥5 kg | P-value* (stable vs. gain) | P-value* (stable vs. loss) | Weight stable <±5 kg | Weight gain ≥5 kg | Weight loss ≥5 kg | P-value* (stable vs. gain) | P-value* (stable vs. loss) | ||
| Total | 3,771 (76.5) | 514 (10.4) | 642 (13.0) | 2,217 (70.8) | 375 (12.0) | 541 (17.3) | |||||
| Sex | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.202 | 0.754 | |||||||
| Men | 1,599 (42.4) | 278 (54.1) | 309 (48.1) | 959 (43.3) | 149 (39.7) | 230 (42.5) | |||||
| Women | 2,172 (57.6) | 236 (45.9) | 333 (51.9) | 1,258 (56.7) | 226 (60.3) | 311 (57.5) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.42±2.52 | 22.04±2.50 | 25.14±2.65 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 22.80±2.86 | 21.20±2.75 | 23.94±2.97 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | 0.347 | 0.094 | 0.032 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Married | 3,368 (89.3) | 452 (87.9) | 559 (87.1) | 1,480 (66.8) | 229 (61.1) | 324 (59.9) | |||||
| Single† | 403 (10.7) | 62 (12.1) | 83 (12.9) | 737 (33.2) | 146 (38.9) | 217 (40.1) | |||||
| House income (1,000 KRW) | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.528 | 0.001 | |||||||
| <1,000 | 1,264 (33.5) | 210 (40.9) | 258 (40.2) | 1,400 (63.1) | 244 (65.1) | 371 (68.6) | |||||
| 1,000–3,000 | 1,543 (40.9) | 193 (37.5) | 251 (39.1) | 622 (28.1) | 95 (25.3) | 111 (20.5) | |||||
| >3,000 | 964 (25.6) | 111 (21.6) | 133 (20.7) | 195 (8.8) | 36 (9.6) | 59 (10.9) | |||||
| Education level (y) | 0.548 | 0.725 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||||||
| <6 | 1,139 (30.2) | 153 (29.8) | 204 (31.8) | 1,552 (70.0) | 300 (80.0) | 416 (76.9) | |||||
| 6–11 | 2,148 (57.0) | 303 (58.90 | 357 (55.6) | 543 (24.5) | 64 (17.1) | 93 (17.2) | |||||
| >11 | 484 (12.8) | 58 (11.3) | 81 (12.6) | 122 (5.5) | 11 (2.9) | 32 (5.9) | |||||
| ADL index | 0.02±0.32 | 0.06±0.59 | 0.11±0.77 | 0.130 | 0.004 | 0.14±0.78 | 0.37±1.29 | 0.30±1.17 | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| IADL index | 0.15±0.73 | 0.20±0.98 | 0.33±1.30 | 0.205 | 0.001 | 0.63±1.76 | 1.45±2.74 | 1.07±2.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| MMSE | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Normal | 3,421 (90.7) | 443 (86.2) | 553 (86.1) | 1,340 (60.4) | 166 (44.3) | 262 (48.4) | |||||
| Mild | 294 (7.8) | 54 (10.5) | 66 (10.3) | 565 (25.5) | 108 (28.8) | 153 (28.3) | |||||
| Severe | 56 (1.5) | 17 (3.3) | 23 (3.6) | 312 (14.1) | 101 (26.9) | 126 (23.3) | |||||
| Multimorbidity‡ | 0.475 | 0.013 | 0.698 | 0.791 | |||||||
| 0 | 2,402 (63.7) | 341 (66.3) | 387 (60.3) | 770 (34.7) | 136 (36.3) | 184 (34.0) | |||||
| 1 | 936 (24.8) | 116 (22.6) | 155 (24.1) | 804 (36.3) | 138 (36.8) | 192 (35.5) | |||||
| ≥2 | 433 (11.5) | 57 (11.1) | 100 (15.6) | 643 (29.0) | 101 (26.9) | 165 (30.5) | |||||
| Smoking | 0.001 | 0.911 | 0.432 | 0.357 | |||||||
| Non | 2,674 (70.9) | 328 (63.8) | 451 (70.2) | 1,602 (72.3) | 281 (74.9) | 394 (72.8) | |||||
| Past | 317 (8.4) | 42 (8.2) | 57 (8.9) | 274 (12.4) | 38 (10.1) | 56 (10.4) | |||||
| Current | 780 (20.7) | 144 (28.0) | 134 (20.9) | 341 (15.4) | 56 (14.9) | 91 (16.8) | |||||
| Alcohol | 0.012 | 0.196 | 0.001 | 0.894 | |||||||
| Non | 1,920 (50.9) | 238 (46.3) | 329 (51.2) | 1,336 (60.3) | 262 (69.9) | 332 (61.4) | |||||
| Past | 155 (4.1) | 34 (6.6) | 36 (5.6) | 208 (9.4) | 32 (8.5) | 49 (9.1) | |||||
| Current | 1,696 (45.0) | 242 (47.1) | 277 (43.1) | 673 (30.4) | 81 (21.6) | 160 (29.6) | |||||
Values are presented as number (%) for categorical variables or mean±standard error for continuous variables.
BMI, body mass index; KRW, Korean won; ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
*
P-values are measured using one-way analyses of variance for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
†
Separated, divorced, bereaved, and unmarried.
‡
Presence of one or more physician-diagnosed diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, arthritis, and psychiatric disorders.