Table 2.

Psychometric properties and total scores of study variables at each time point

	No.Items	Scale	Cronbach’s alpha	Mean (SE)a
				CI	TH	t valuea
Time 1
Affective empathy	6	0-2	0.69	2.59 (0.28)	2.24 (0.12)	-1.30
Attention to emotions	7	0-2	0.72	9.32 (0.33)	9.70 (0.16)	1.08
Prosocial actions	6	0-2	0.76	4.45 (0.31)	5.05 (0.16)	1.73
Emotion acknowledgment	6	1-5	0.76	22.65 (0.41)	22.88 (0.21)	0.50
Internalizing behaviors	20	0-3	0.78	2.78 (0.39)	2.87 (0.19)	0.21
Externalizing behaviors	28	0-3	0.87	8.13 (0.75)	7.74 (0.32)	-0.52
Time 2
Affective empathy	6	0-2	0.78	2.36 (0.32)	2.43 (0.23)	0.18
Attention to emotions	7	0-2	0.75	10.05 (.37)	9.91 (0.26)	-0.30
Prosocial actions	6	0-2	0.71	5.55 (0.37)	5.92 (0.23)	0.86
Emotion acknowledgment	6	1-5	0.70	23.71 (0.50)	24.18 (0.30)	0.83
Internalizing behaviors	20	0-3	0.80	3.22 (0.49)	3.39 (0.39)	0.27
Externalizing behaviors	28	0-3	0.89	9.48 (0.96)	7.58 (0.60)	-1.73
Time 3
Affective empathy	6	0-2	0.66	2.3 (0.30)	2.04 (0.20)	-0.74
Attention to emotions	7	0-2	0.74	9.91 (0.39)	9.59 (0.27)	-0.66
Prosocial actions	6	0-2	0.71	5.88 (0.33)	6.69 (0.23)	1.99*
Emotion acknowledgment	6	1-5	0.78	24.04 (0.52)	24.32 (0.34)	0.47
Internalizing behaviors	20	0-3	0.81	3.39 (0.63)	3.33 (0.37)	-0.10
Externalizing behaviors	28	0-3	0.87	8.66 (0.86)	7.59 (0.56)	-1.08
Time 4
Affective empathy	6	0-2	0.74	2.02 (0.43)	1.82 (0.21)	-0.46
Attention to emotions	7	0-2	0.82	10.65 (0.48)	9.84 (0.35)	-1.28
Prosocial actions	6	0-2	0.66	5.93 (0.41)	6.90 (0.26)	2.02*
Emotion acknowledgment	6	1-5	0.72	24.45 (0.54)	24.28 (0.36)	-0.26
Internalizing behaviors	20	0-3	0.88	4.93 (1.18)	4.49 (0.62)	-0.03
Externalizing behaviors	28	0-3	0.92	10.50 (1.58)	7.86 (0.78)	-1.68

CI children with a cochlear implant, TH typically-hearing children 

* p < 0.05 between children with a CI and TH children

^aMultiple imputations were applied at Time 1