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. 2021 Jul 29;11:15480. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95048-w

Table 2.

Bayesian regression models analysing elephant success according to their relationship length with the calling mahout (RL: Unknown, < 1 year = Known for less than a year, > 1 year = known for more than a year) and the mahout’s working experience (EXP: Less experienced, Experienced, More experienced). Results from Model 1 are for the control task (N = 51) and results from Model 2 are for the novel surface task (N = 41) Bold = statistically significant variables (CI’s do not encompass 0), italic = tendency effects.

Explanatory Estimate ± SE Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI
Control Model 1 Intercept 1 Intercept (RL: Unknown / EXP: Less experienced) 3.57 ± 3.80  − 2.36 11.65
RL: < 1 year 0.14 ± 1.67  − 3.19 3.54
RL: > 1 year 0.26 ± 1.76  − 3.30 3.67
EXP: Experienced 1.25 ± 1.83  − 2.09 5.23
EXP: More experienced 1.74 ± 2.00  − 1.80 5.94
Model 1 Intercept 2 Intercept (RL: < 1 year / EXP: Experienced) 4.66 ± 3.52  − 0.67 13.57
RL: Unknown  − 0.07 ± 1.72  − 3.42 3.38
RL: > 1 year 0.14 ± 1.51  − 2.76 3.08
EXP: Less experienced  − 0.99 ± 1.78  − 4.77 2.39
EXP: More experienced 0.58 ± 1.27  − 1.87 3.07
Model 1 Intercept 3 Intercept (RL: > 1 year / EXP: More experienced ) 5.64 ± 3.68 0.01 13.90
RL: Unknown  − 0.34 ± 1.79  − 3.71 2.61
RL: < 1 year  − 0.21 ± 1.47  − 3.03 3.23
EXP: Experienced  − 0.57 ± 1.25  − 3.08 2.02
EXP: Less experienced  − 1.63 ± 1.97  − 5.58 2.07
Novel surface Model 2 Intercept 1 Intercept (RL: Unknown / EXP: Less experienced)  − 9.06 ± 8.30  − 26.81 0.82
RL: < 1 year 7.58 ± 8.59  − 1.25 29.21
RL: > 1 year 10.17 ± 9.23 0.29 33.25
EXP: Experienced  − 0.85 ± 2.03  − 5.19 2.87
EXP: More experienced 1.06 ± 1.56  − 1.83 4.40
Model 2 Intercept 2 Intercept (RL: < 1 year / EXP: Experienced)  − 2.59 ± 4.22  − 11.11 6.24
RL: Unknown  − 7.40 ± 8.29  − 29.04 1.51
RL: > 1 year 2.54 ± 1.95  − 0.56 6.84
EXP: Less experienced 0.89 ± 2.08  − 3.34 4.91
EXP: More experienced 1.93 ± 1.52  − 0.68 5.27
Model 2Intercept 3 Intercept (RL: > 1 year / EXP: More experienced) 2.04 ± 3.98  − 4.53 11.26
RL: Unknown  − 9.85 ± 8.00  − 30.60  − 0.45
RL: < 1 year  − 2.48 ± 2.20  − 7.28 1.05
EXP: Experienced  − 1.87 ± 1.53  − 5.19 0.70
EXP: Less experienced  − 0.90 ± 1.55  − 4.31 1.89