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. 2021 Jul 29;11:15477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94735-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Velocity–Time and Velocity–Axial Position graphs showing that CTC–platelets interactions significantly enhance the formation of the firm adhesion bonds between CTC and the endothelial cell. (a) Velocity–Time graph showing the effect of the number of attached platelets on the adhesion of CTCs. With increasing the number of platelets attached to the CTC, the velocity of the CTC decreases faster and the firm adhesion of the CTC to the vessel wall, as a prerequisite for extravasation, occurs in a shorter time. Lodging of the CTC to the vessel wall saves the CTC from further circulation in the vascular system, exposure to the high shear stress in larger vessels, and encountering immune cells. As a result, the faster the CTC adheres to the vessel wall, the higher survival chance it has; (b) Velocity–Axial Position of CTC graph showing the distance the CTC rolls and crawls motions in the microvessel until the firm adhesion occurs. Increasing the number of attached platelets reduces the rolling distance which leads to less shear forces exerted on the CTC by endothelial cells and as a result, chances of CTC survival and extravasation increases.