a Two hundred ng of FLAG-tagged FIP200 was transfected with 20 ng of FLAG-tagged RIG-I and 20 ng of pRL-SV40 (Renilla luciferase as an internal control), together with 200 ng of pISRE-Luc or NF-κB-Luc into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, cells were collected, and the ratio of firefly luciferase to Renilla luciferase was calculated to determine the relative reporter activity. All experiments were biologically repeated three times. Data represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, by paired two-tailed Student’s t test). b RIG-I was transfected with vector or FIP200 into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, RNA was extracted, and real-time PCR for IFNβ, IP10, and RANTES was performed. All experiments were biologically repeated three times. Data represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, by paired two-tailed Student’s t test). c RIG-I was transfected with vector or FIP200 into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, cell lysates were blotted as indicated. d Two hundred ng of FLAG-tagged FIP200 was transfected with 20 ng of 2CARD-FLAG and 20 ng of pRL-SV40, together with 200 ng of pISRE-Luc or NF-κB-Luc into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, cells were collected, and the ratio of firefly luciferase to Renilla luciferase was calculated to determine the relative reporter activity. All experiments were biologically repeated three times. Data represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (**P < 0.01, by paired two-tailed Student’s t test). e The 2CARD was transfected with vector or FIP200 into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, RNA was extracted, and real-time PCR for IFNβ, IP10, and RANTES was performed. All experiments were biologically repeated three times. Data represent means ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, by paired two-tailed Student’s t test). f The 2CARD was transfected with vector or FIP200 into HEK293 cells. After 48 h, cell lysates were blotted as indicated.