Table 1.

Summary of studies examining the longer-term effect of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance.

Study	Level/Sport	Training Phase/Duration	Training description	CWI frequency and protocol	CWI Timing	Main outcomes
Lindsay et al., 2016	Semi-professional MMA athletes	6-week pre-competition training camp	Strength and conditioning (60–90 min, 3x/week), MMA, wrestling, jiu-jitsu, and boxing (90–120 min, 7x/week)	3x/week whole body CWI @ 10°C for 15 min	Performed following last session of the day which consisted of MMA or wresting training	Similar improvements in SBJ, pull-ups, and press-ups in CON vs. CWI group
Tavares et al., 2019	Elite Rugby Union	3 weeks during pre-season period	Strength sessions (4x/week), technical/tactical sessions (7x/week), speed, and conditioning (5x/week)	4x/week whole body CWI @ 10°C for 10 min	Performed following afternoon sessions which consisted of technical/tactical or conditioning	Better maintenance in CMJ performance in CWI group
Seco-Calvo et al., 2020	Professional Basketball players from the Spanish Premier League	Competitive season (8 months)	Gym sessions (4x/week), conditioning (3x/week), speed, and reaction (2x/week)	4x/week whole body CWI @ 10°C for 5 × 2 min	Performed following the speed and conditioning or following match-play	Better maintenance of shoulder strength
Tavares et al., 2020	U21 Portuguese national players	2.5-week pre-competition training camp	10 resistance training and 19 on-court sessions over 2.5 weeks	CWI @ 10°C for 10 min after last training session	Performed following on-court volleyball sessions	Better maintenance in CMJ performance in CWI group

MMA, mixed martial arts; SBJ, standing broad jump; CMJ, counter-movement jump.