REMSD combined with fluoxetine had regulatory effects on expressions of A1 adenosine receptor, apoptosis- and PI3K/P38 MAPK axis-related proteins, cFos, and ADAR2 in hippocampi of rats with depression. (A–H) Relative protein/GAPDH expressions of A1 adenosine receptor, apoptosis- and PI3K/P38 MAPK axis-related proteins, cFos, and ADAR2 in rats of control, CUS (depression), CUS + REMSD, CUS + fluoxetine, and CUS + REMSD + fluoxetine groups were measured by Western blot. GAPDH was used as an internal control. (I–O) Relative mRNA expressions of A1 adenosine receptor, apoptosis- and PI3K/P38 MAPK axis-related proteins, cFos, and ADAR2 in rats of control, CUS (depression), CUS + REMSD, CUS + fluoxetine, and CUS + REMSD + fluoxetine groups were measured by qRT-PCR. GAPDH was used as an internal control. ***P < 0.001, vs. control; ###P < 0.001, vs. CUS; ∧∧∧P < 0.001, vs. REMSD; &&&P < 0.001, vs. fluoxetine. Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; P38 MAPK, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; ADAR2, adenosine deaminase RNA specific 2; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; REMSD, rapid eye movement sleep deprivation; CUS, chronic unpredictable stress.