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. 2021 Jul 16;9:702890. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702890

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Zhang, Liu, Xu and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contribute to neutrophil activation. The activation status of neutrophils was evaluated via neutrophil-derived cytokines and neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the following experiments: (A) neutrophils were isolated from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis rats and incubated with the supernatants of LSECs under different treatments [vehicle, LPS, monocrotaline (MCT), and MCT + LPS]; (B) neutrophils were isolated from LPS-induced pneumonia (LPSPn) rats and incubated with the supernatants of LSECs; (C) neutrophils from normal control (NC) rats were pre-treated with LPS and then incubated with the supernatants of LSECs; (D) neutrophils isolated from NC rats were stimulated with LPS, TNF-α, or the combination treatment. (E) Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected by immunocytochemistry of neutrophil-derived extracellular DNA (exDNA, green). (F) Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology of NETs and its function of capturing bacteria. Asterisk indicates that the level is significantly different with normal control. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 by t-test; n = 6 in each group; figures are representative of three experiments.