TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for covariates, individual-, peer-, parental-, school-/community-level domains, and opioid use (N = 294).
| Variable | M (SD) | Range | n (%) |
| Ever used opioids (1 = yes) | 216 (66.9%) | ||
| Male (1 = yes) | 162 (50.2%) | ||
| White (1 = yes) | 242 (74.9%) | ||
| RHS enrollment (1 = yes) | 153 (47.4%) | ||
| Two-parent household (1 = yes) | 116 (35.9%) | ||
| MDD symptoms (1 = yes) | 102 (31.6%) | ||
| GAD symptoms (1 = yes) | 92 (28.5%) | ||
| PTSD symptoms (1 = yes) | 35 (10.8%) | ||
| Antisocial traits (1 = yes) | 126 (39%) | ||
| PY Tobacco use (1 = yes) | 272 (84.2%) | ||
| PY Alcohol use (1 = yes) | 223 (69%) | ||
| PY Marijuana use (1 = yes) | 250 (77.4%) | ||
| Positive parenting | 3.96 (0.59) | (1–5) | |
| Inconsistent discipline | 2.70 (0.76) | (1–5) | |
| Poor parental monitoring | 2.58 (0.81) | (1–5) | |
| Parent with past AOD abuse (1 = yes) | 183 (56.7%) | ||
| Peer attitudes | 3.05 (0.52) | (1–4) | |
| GPA | 2.56 (0.87) | (0–4) | |
| Negative attitudes toward school | 5.69 (2.60) | (0–10) | |
| Perceived availability | 4.33 (0.59) | (1–5) |
RHS = Recovery High School; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PTSD = Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; PY = Past year; AOD = alcohol or drug; GPA = Grade point average; M = mean; SD = Standard Deviation; n = number of observations.
Standard deviations are in parentheses. Percentages of adolescents that stated yes for each variable is reported in parentheses.