. 2021 Jul 16;12:695832. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695832

TABLE 1.

The characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Study design	Sample size	Osteoporosis type	Sample and mean age		Interventions		Course of treatment	Outcome index
Study	Study design	Sample size	Osteoporosis type	EG	CG	EG	CG	Course of treatment	Outcome index
Zhou (2020)	RCT	126	Postmenopausal osteoporosis	63; 66.79 years	63; 66.72 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	ALP, S-Ca, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, BMD-WA, VAS
Zhou (2020)	RCT	126	Postmenopausal osteoporosis	63; 66.79 years	63; 66.72 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, bid)	6 months	ALP, S-Ca, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, BMD-WA, VAS
Zhang et al. (2020)	RCT	86	Senile osteoporosis	43; 71.93 years	43; 71.54 years	XLGB (1.5 g, tid) + CG	Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	12 months	ALP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, VAS, ER
Wang et al. (2020a)	RCT	92	Primary osteoporosis	46; 67.95 years	46; 68.75 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	Alendronate (10 mg, qd)	3 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ER
Kang et al. (2020)	RCT	64	Senile osteoporosis	32; 66.87 years	32; 66.91 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (10 mg, qd)	3 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ADR, ER
Kang et al. (2020)	RCT	64	Senile osteoporosis	32; 66.87 years	32; 66.91 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Salmon calcitonin (8.3 μg, qd)	3 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ADR, ER
Li et al. (2019)	RCT	124	Senile osteoporosis	62; 75 years	62; 76 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	ALP, S-P, BMD-LS, ER
Li et al. (2019)	RCT	124	Senile osteoporosis	62; 75 years	62; 76 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	6 months	ALP, S-P, BMD-LS, ER
Feng et al. (2018)	RCT	75	Primary osteoporosis	32; NA	43; NA	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BMD-LS, BMD-FN
Feng et al. (2018)	RCT	75	Primary osteoporosis	32; NA	43; NA	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, bid)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BMD-LS, BMD-FN
Liu (2018)	RCT	66	Senile osteoporosis	33; 68.6 years	33; 67.3 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid)+CG	Alendronate (10 mg, qd)	1 month	BGP, BMD-LS, ADR
Ye et al. (2018)	RCT	134	Primary osteoporosis	67; 58.93 years	67; 59.37 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ER
Ye et al. (2018)	RCT	134	Primary osteoporosis	67; 58.93 years	67; 59.37 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	6 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ER
Yan (2018)	RCT	68	Primary osteoporosis	34; 63.2 years	34; 63.5 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN
Yan (2018)	RCT	68	Primary osteoporosis	34; 63.2 years	34; 63.5 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, bid)	6 months	BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN
Zhang (2017)	RCT	100	Primary osteoporosis	50; 70.23 years	50; 70.15 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BGP, BMD-LS, ADR, ER
Zhang (2017)	RCT	100	Primary osteoporosis	50; 70.23 years	50; 70.15 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Salmon calcitonin (50U, qw)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BGP, BMD-LS, ADR, ER
Hou et al. (2016)	RCT	112	Primary osteoporosis	56; 67.73 years	56; 69.13 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	Alendronate (10 mg, qd)	3 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BGP, BMD-LS, BMD-FN, ER
Han (2016)	RCT	110	Senile osteoporosis	55; 72.1 y	55; 71.9 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, ER
Han (2016)	RCT	110	Senile osteoporosis	55; 72.1 y	55; 71.9 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	6 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, ER
Liu and Bai (2016)	RCT	150	Senile osteoporosis	74; NA	76; NA	XLGB (1.0 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BMD-LS, VAS, ADR, ER
Liu and Bai (2016)	RCT	150	Senile osteoporosis	74; NA	76; NA	XLGB (1.0 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	6 months	BMD-LS, VAS, ADR, ER
Xu et al. (2015)	RCT	90	Primary osteoporosis	45; NA	45; NA	XLGB (1.0 g, bid)+CG	Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BMD-LS, VAS, ER
Bao and Li (2015)	RCT	64	Senile osteoporosis	32; NA	32; NA	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BMD-LS, ER
Bao and Li (2015)	RCT	64	Senile osteoporosis	32; NA	32; NA	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	12 months	ALP, S-Ca, S-P, BMD-LS, ER
Bao and Lin (2015)	RCT	140	Primary osteoporosis	70; 59.0 years	70; 58.5 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BMD-LS, ER
Bao and Lin (2015)	RCT	140	Primary osteoporosis	70; 59.0 years	70; 58.5 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (500 mg, qd)	6 months	BMD-LS, ER
Fang (2014)	RCT	80	Primary osteoporosis	40; 62.68 years	40; 63.58 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	12 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, ER
Fang (2014)	RCT	80	Primary osteoporosis	40; 62.68 years	40; 63.58 years	XLGB (1.0 g, tid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	12 months	ALP, BGP, BMD-LS, ER
Liu (2014)	RCT	62	Senile osteoporosis	31; NA	31; NA	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	Alendronate (10 mg, qd)	6 months	BMD-FN, ADR, ER
Zhuang (2013)	RCT	64	Postmenopausal osteoporosis	32; 59.78 years	32; 60.34 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	1. Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BMD-LS, BMD-FN, VAS, ADR
Zhuang (2013)	RCT	64	Postmenopausal osteoporosis	32; 59.78 years	32; 60.34 years	XLGB (1.5 g, bid) + CG	2. Calcium carbonate D3 (600 mg, qd)	6 months	BMD-LS, BMD-FN, VAS, ADR
Xu et al. (2009)	RCT	104	Postmenopausal osteoporosis	52; NA	52; NA	XLGB (1.5 g, tid) + CG	Alendronate (70 mg, qw)	6 months	BMD-LS, BMD-WA, VAS, ADR

RCT, randomized controlled trial; EG, experimental group; CG, control group; XLGB, Xianling GuBao Capsule; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BGP, bone gla protein; S-Ca, serum calcium; S-P, serum phosphorus; BMD-LS, bone mineral density-lumbar spine; BMD-FN, bone mineral density-femoral neck; BMD-WA, bone mineral density-Ward’s area; VAS, Visual Analog Score; ADR, adverse drug reaction; ER, effective rate; NA, not available; qd, once a day; bid, twice a day; tid, three times a day; qw, once a week; y, year.