Table 1.

Participant characteristics by treatment group (N = 301)

Variable	KnowIt (n = 149)	OnTrack (n = 152)	Difference, P value
Age (years)	47.32 (14.53)	42.82 (15.14)	0.009
Education (years)	15.65 (3.60)	15.24 (3.63)	0.32
Number of children	1.10 (1.30)	0.93 (1.04)	0.20
Age at diagnosis (years)	21.20 (14.36)	19.46 (13.68)	0.10
Years with diabetes	26.12 (13.97)	23.17 (13.26)	0.06
Number of complications	2.84 (2.56)	2.65 (2.47)	0.51
Female, %	70.5	67.8	0.61
White, %	82.6	77.6	0.29
With partner, %	61.7	67.5	0.29
With insulin pump, %	63.8	67.8	0.46
With CGM, %	37.6	38.8	0.83
Baseline DD management	3.29 (1.10)	3.46 (1.15)	0.20
Baseline self-efficacy	2.87 (0.71)	2.90 (0.73)	0.67
Baseline problem solving	26.95 (5.62)	27.36 (6.27)	0.56
Baseline missed insulin boluses	1.12 (1.32)	1.66 (1.99)	0.006
Baseline times checked glucose per day	4.70 (2.55)	4.92 (2.51)	0.45
Baseline diabetes knowledge (% correct)	70.44 (13.84)	74.79 (11.48)	0.01
Baseline HbA1c %	8.77 (1.13)	8.83 (1.11)	0.65
Baseline glucose <70 mg/dL	2.60 (1.99)	2.51 (2.03)	0.08

Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. P values were derived from independent samples t tests for continuous variables and χ² tests for categorical variables.