Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of U-M employees with Premier Care insurance, without diabetes, prediabetes, or at high risk for prediabetes who were encouraged to self-screen, stratified by those who were tested or diagnosed or not tested or diagnosed within 1 year
| Total | Any HbA1c or diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes | No HbA1c or diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 29,875 | 4,056 (14) | 25,819 (86) | — |
| Age (years) | 38 ± 12 | 44 ± 12 | 37 ± 11 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | <0.0001 | |||
| Women | 18,993 (64) | 2,897 (71) | 16,096 (62) | |
| Men | 10,882 (36) | 1,159 (29) | 9,723 (38) | |
| Race | 0.0072 | |||
| Asian | 1,272 (8) | 244 (9) | 1,028 (8) | |
| Black | 1,172 (7) | 228 (8) | 944 (7) | |
| White | 13,798 (84) | 2,307 (82) | 11,491 (84) | |
| Other | 211 (1) | 28 (1) | 183 (1) | |
| At least 1 PCP visit in past year | 15,211 (51) | 2,455 (61) | 12,756 (49) | <0.001 |
| At least 1 specialist visit in past year | 13,967 (47) | 2,105 (52) | 11,862 (45) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 6.1 | 29.4 ± 7.0 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 118 ± 14 | 120 ± 15 | 117 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 72 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 194 ± 37 | 196 ± 37 | 193 ± 37 | 0.0062 |
| HDL | 59 ± 17 | 58 ± 17 | 60 ± 17 | 0.0007 |
| Women | 63 ± 17 | 62 ± 17 | 64 ± 16 | 0.0004 |
| Men | 50 ± 13 | 48 ± 13 | 51 ± 13 | 0.0003 |
| Triglycerides | 112 ± 75 | 126 ± 90 | 109 ± 71 | <0.0001 |
| LDL | 112 ± 32 | 114 ± 32 | 112 ± 31 | 0.0148 |
| Claims diagnosis of | ||||
| Overweight/obesity | 2,974 (10) | 811 (20) | 2,163 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 2,171 (7) | 571 (14) | 1,600 (6) | <0.0001 |
| Any antihypertensive medication | 2,598 (9) | 568 (14) | 2,030 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,669 (6) | 401 (10) | 1,268 (5) | <0.0001 |
| Any lipid-lowering medication | 737 (2) | 205 (5) | 532 (2) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 520 (2) | 83 (2) | 437 (2) | 0.1092 |
| Women | 379 (2) | 58 (2) | 321 (2) | 0.9780 |
| Men | 141 (1) | 25 (2) | 116 (1) | 0.0061 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 503 (2) | 108 (3) | 395 (2) | <0.0001 |
| Geocoded Indicators | ||||
| Median neighborhood income ($) | 69,709 | 69,605 | 69,726 | 0.6887 |
| Percent unemployment | 35.5 ± 5.1 | 35.0 ± 4.8 | 35.6 ± 5.1 | <0.0001 |
| Percent receiving food stamps | 7.7 ± 5.9 | 8.5 ± 6.5 | 7.5 ± 5.8 | <0.0001 |
Data are N (%) or mean ± SD.