Table 1.

Characteristics of Eleven Systematic Reviews to Prevent or Stop Abuse and Neglect among Older Adults.

Author (year)	Number of studies included	aType of Review	Focus of Systematic Review/ Meta-Analysis	Setting	bStudy Type	cStrategies	dOutcomes	eQuality Rating (Total Score)
Ploeg et al. (2009)	8	SR	Abuse of persons 60 years and older	Community-based, hospital, mental health centers, social work aging services/social services, state abuse among older adults demonstration programs	RCT, pre-post	E, P, F, C, O	E, P, S, F, N, O	Strong (7)
Alt et al. (2011)	14	SR	Educational programs for allied health professionals, aging service providers and first responders, nurses, care assistants and social workers	Community-based, nursing home, hospital	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, survey	E, C, O	O	Strong (7)
Wang et al. (2015)	10	SR	General elder population	Community-based, nursing home, forensic centers/Adult Protective Services, dementia clinic	non-RCT, pre-post	E, P, O	E, P, F, N, R, O	Strong (7)
Ayalon et al. (2016)	24	SR & MA	General elder population	Community-based, nursing home, hospital, university setting, long-term care facility, group-dwelling units for people with dementia, psychogeriatric wards, municipalities	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, group comparison	E, P, Ml, F, C, O	E, P, N, R	Strong (7)
Baker et al. (2016) & Baker et al. (2017)	7	SR	Reduce or prevent abuse among older adults in their home, in organizational or institutional and community settings	Community-based, nursing home, university setting, home health care organizations, state government department for the aging, neurological outpatient dementia service, housing projects, institution	RCT, controlled before- and-after	E, P, O	E, N, O	Strong (7)
fHirst et al. (2016)	23 Education Needed to Effectively Address Abuse & Neglect of Older Adults	SR	Nurses and health care providers	Nursing home, long-term care facility	RCT, mixed methods, cross-sectional	E, C	O	Moderate (5)
	10 Prevention & Health Promotion Strategies	SR	Older adult, the abusive caregiver, and the public	Faith-based organization	non-RCT, cross-sectional	E, O	E, O
Day et al. (2017)	8	SR	Elder abuse victims (60 years and older)	Community-based, university setting, long-term care facility, dental office, in-home assessment of Adult Protective Services, Forensic Center	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, qualitative methods, referrals to program	E, P, F, C, O	E, P, S, F, N, O	Strong (6)
Fearing et al. (2017)	9	SR	Community-based older adults at-risk for abuse (dementia patients)	Community-based, clinical	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, mixed method, surveys, interviews, observations, retrospective secondary data analysis/national e-survey	E, P, Ml, O	E, P, F, N, O	Strong (7)
gMoore and Browne (2017)	28 Evidence-Based Practices	SR	Perpetrators, professionals, people who care for older persons, education for older adults	Community-based, hospital, long-term care facility, community mental health centers	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, non-experimental	E, P, F, C, O	E, P, S, F, N, O	Moderate (4)
	22 Best Practices	SR	Professionals (Adult Protective Service workers, nurses, case managers)	Long-term care facility	Non-experimental	E, O	O
Mohd Mydin et al. (2019)h	13	SR	Elders in primary health-care providers (physicians, nurses, medical assistants, allied health, midwife, pharmacist, dentist, social workers)	Community-based, nursing home, hospital, university setting, physician offices	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, case control, cohort & cross-sectional	E, C	F,0	Strong (7)
Rosen, Elman, et al. (2019)	116	SR	Abuse and neglect programs for older adults in acute-care hospitals and low resource environments	Community-based, nursing home, hospital, university setting, law enforcement/legal/ district attorney’s office/court, victim’s home/telephone, Adult Protective Service	RCT, non-RCT, pre-post, case series, mixed methods, nonequivalent comparison group, & cross-sectional	E, P, F, C, O	E, P, S, F, N	Strong (6)

^aSR = Systematic Review; MA = Meta-Analysis

^bRCT = Randomized control trial

^cE = Educational; P = Psychoeducational; MI = Motivational interviewing; F = Family based; C = Clinician/provider; O = Other (e.g., case management, legal services, social support)

^dE = Emotional/Psychological abuse; P = Physical abuse; S = Sexual abuse; F = Financial abuse/Exploitation; N = Neglect; R = Restraint; O = Other (e.g., abandonment, medical abuse, resident-to-resident abuse/aggression)

^eThe Quality Assessment Tool for Reviews was used to assess the quality of each review (Micucci et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 2005). This tool comprises seven questions coded as “yes,” “no,” or “unknown/undetermined.” Based on the coding, each review was rated as strong (total score 6–7), moderate (total score 4–5) or weak (total score 3 or less)

^fThe studies included are not mutually exclusive. An additional 58 studies did not have outcome data and are not reported.

^gAn additional 17 emerging/innovative practices did not have outcome data and are not reported.

^hThe 13 studies include 3 randomized controlled trials and 10 observational studies.