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. 2021 Jul 29;3:53. doi: 10.1186/s42523-021-00113-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Comparison between abundant microorganisms in the SPF and non-SPF samples. Graph represents 18 species commonly shared between the two groups and 5 additional species (Faecalitalea cylindroides, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lactobacillus reuteri) present at a very low fraction in one of the two groups. In addition, Helicobacter typhlonius and Helicobacter hepaticus constitute approximately 20% of the microorganisms in the non-SPF mice, while they are absent in the SPF mice. Asterisk (*) indicates species with a statistically significant differential abundance (p value < 0.05)