Table 4.
Prognostic significance of serum cytokines for AE-IIPs determined by logistic regression analysis for 90-day mortality
| Parameters | OR* | 95% CI | P value |
| Univariate analysis | |||
| IL-ra | 1.0002 | 0.9986 to 1.0015 | 0.7622 |
| IL-2 | 0.0180 | 5.151×e–5 to 0.5882 | 0.0164 |
| IL-4 | 0.0121 | 2.495×e–6 to 3.698 | 0.1477 |
| IL-5 | 0.4017 | 0.0787 to 1.1196 | 0.0873 |
| IL-6 | 1.0282 | 0.5270 to 1.8497 | 0.9261 |
| IL-7 | 0.1333 | 0.0133 to 0.6706 | 0.0089 |
| IL-8 | 0.9962 | 0.9652 to 1.0098 | 0.6278 |
| IL-9 | 0.1535 | 0.0070 to 0.8868 | 0.0180 |
| IL-10 | 0.9250 | 0.3274 to 2.2574 | 0.8672 |
| IL-12 | 0.0067 | 3.545×e–6 to 0.7440 | 0.0326 |
| IL-13 | 7.762×e−5 | 4.94×e–10 to 0.1873 | 0.0092 |
| IL-17 | 0.4369 | 0.0572 to 2.2218 | 0.3331 |
| Eotaxin/CCL11 | 0.9626 | 0.8830 to 1.0327 | 0.3008 |
| b-FGF | 0.5378 | 0.2200 to 0.9869 | 0.0444 |
| G-CSF | 0.9968 | 0.9590 to 1.0276 | 0.8467 |
| GM-CSF | 1.128×e−7 | 1.91×e−21 to 0.1393 | 0.0141 |
| IFNγ | 0.7547 | 0.2793 to 1.4865 | 0.4491 |
| IP-10/CXCL10 | 0.9976 | 0.9943 to 0.9997 | 0.0166 |
| MCP-1/CCL2 | 0.9773 | 0.8973 to 1.0293 | 0.4307 |
| MIP-1α/CCL3 | 1.0107 | 0.8953 to 1.1226 | 0.8424 |
| PDGF-BB | 0.9764 | 0.9483 to 0.9968 | 0.0184 |
| MIP-1β/CCL4 | 0.9859 | 0.9564 to 1.0068 | 0.2011 |
| RANTES/CCL5 | 0.9979 | 0.9950 to 0.9996 | 0.0020 |
| TNF-α | 0.6796 | 0.3111 to 1.0278 | 0.0744 |
| Multivariate analysis† | |||
| IL-7 | 0.2270 | 0.0177 to 1.5548 | 0.1384 |
| RANTES/CCL5 | 0.9980 | 0.9953 to 0.9998 | 0.0263 |
| Adjusted by clinical parameters‡ | |||
| RANTES/CCL5 | 0.9970 | 0.9934 to 0.9993 | 0.0018 |
| HRCT pattern, diffuse/non-diffuse | 19.2129 | 1.9938 to 438.0654 | 0.0084 |
*OR >1 means an increase in each continuous parameter (pg/mL) indicating high risk of 90-day mortality.
†Multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was performed using 10 significant cytokines by univariate analysis with a p value <0.05: IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL13, b-FGF, GM-CSF, IP-10, PDGF and RANTES.
‡Multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was performed using RANTES and HRCT pattern at the time of diagnosis AE and use of antifibrotic drugs before AE.
AE, acute exacerbation; b-FGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HRCT, high-resolution CT; IFN, interferon; IIPs, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; IL, interleukin; IP-10, IFN-γ inducible protein; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.