Table 5.
Patellofemoral alignment on imaging
| Patellofemoral OA | Control | Paired difference | |d| | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2D alignment, supine near full extension | |||||
| Insall-Salvati ratio | 1.18 (0.15) | 1.10 (0.31) | 0.07 (0.47) | 0.4 | 0.16 |
| Bisect offset (%) | 60.8 (26.2) | 52.5 (6.5) | 6.6 (27.5) | 0.6 | 0.05 |
| Patellar tilt angle (°) | 14.3 (9.9) | 9.5 (6.6) | 5.5 (12.1) | 0.5 | 0.08 |
| 3D alignment, single leg squat 30° flexion | |||||
| Proximal translation (mm) | 18.5 (15.1) | 11.9 (15.9) | 7.5 (26.9) | 0.5 | 0.11 |
| Lateral translation (mm) | 0.4 (9.8) | −1.8 (4.1) | 2.3 (8.2) | 0.4 | 0.19 |
| Medial tilt (°)* | 14.5 (6.3) | 18.1 (10.0) | −5.9 (11.9) | 0.7 | 0.02 |
*3D measure of tilt the value is reported as medial tilt, so a smaller value indicates greater lateral tilt.
All values reported as median (IQR) unless otherwise stated.
Bold indicates at least a moderate effect size between groups, or statistical significance.
|d|, Standardised effect size; IQR, Interquartile range; OA, Osteoarthritis.