Table 2.
AKI prevalence in critically ill children and young adults with suspected SARS-CoV2 infection.
| Characteristics | SUSPECTED no AKI | SUSPECTED AKI | CONFIRMED no AKI | CONFIRMED AKI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 102 (30.8%) | 50 (15.1%) | 105 (31.7%) | 74 (22.4%) |
| Date of enrollment | ||||
| Week 1 (April 15) | 9 (8.8) | 4 (8.0) | 17 (16.2) | 17 (23.0) |
| Week 2 (April 22) | 15 (14.7) | 8 (16.0) | 7 (6.7) | 9 (12.2) |
| Week 3 (April 29) | 12 (11.8) | 5 (10.0) | 8 (7.6) | 4 (5.4) |
| Week 4 (May 6) | 7 (6.9) | 6 (12.0) | 9 (8.6) | 7 (9.5) |
| Week 5 (May 13) | 14 (13.7) | 6 (12.0) | 11 (10.5) | 12 (16.2) |
| Week 6 (May 20) | 9 (8.8) | 4 (8.0) | 11 (10.5) | 9 (12.2) |
| Week 7 (May 27) | 7 (6.9) | 4 (8.0) | 6 (5.7) | 4 (5.4) |
| Week 8 (June 3) | 12 (11.8) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (3.8) | 4 (5.4) |
| Week 9 (June 10) | 7 (6.9) | 3 (6.0) | 11 (10.5) | 2 (2.7) |
| Week 10 (June 17) | 3 (2.9) | 4 (8.0) | 8 (7.6) | 2 (2.7) |
| Week 11 (June 24) | 7 (6.9) | 3 (6.0) | 13 (12.4) | 4 (5.4) |
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 7 (2, 16) | 13 (9, 17) | 11 (3, 15) | 14 (6, 17) |
| Age categories | ||||
| Infants/young children (0–<5 years) | 44 (43.1) | 8 (16.0) | 30 (28.6) | 18 (24.3) |
| School-aged children (5–<13 years) | 20 (19.6) | 18 (36.0) | 33 (31.4) | 16 (21.6) |
| Adolescents/young adults (13–25 years) | 38 (37.3) | 24 (48.0) | 42 (40.0) | 40 (54.1) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 43 (42.2) | 21 (42.0) | 50 (47.6) | 32 (43.2) |
| Male | 59 (57.8) | 29 (58.0) | 55 (52.4) | 42 (56.8) |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 62 (60.8) | 24 (48.0) | 45 (42.9) | 28 (37.8) |
| Black | 24 (23.5) | 10 (20.0) | 23 (21.9) | 27 (36.5) |
| Other | 2 (2.0) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (5.4) |
| Unknown | 14 (13.7) | 15 (30.0) | 35 (33.3) | 15 (20.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic, non-Latino, non-Spanish | 75 (73.5) | 33 (66.0) | 40 (38.1) | 47 (63.5) |
| Hispanic, Latino, Spanish | 16 (15.7) | 3 (6.0) | 48 (45.7) | 18 (24.3) |
| Unknown | 11 (10.8) | 14 (28.0) | 17 (16.2) | 9 (12.2) |
| Body mass index categoriesa | ||||
| Underweight | 10 (9.8) | 6 (12.0) | 10 (9.5) | 10 (13.5) |
| Normal weight | 40 (39.2) | 17 (34.0) | 34 (32.4) | 27 (36.5) |
| Overweight | 7 (6.9) | 2 (4.0) | 11 (10.5) | 10 (13.5) |
| Obese | 20 (19.6) | 9 (18.0) | 33 (31.4) | 17 (23.0) |
| Location | ||||
| United States | 87 (85.3) | 38 (76.0) | 102 (97.1) | 71 (96.0) |
| Canada | 7 (6.9) | 6 (12.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Western Europe | 4 (3.9) | 3 (6.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) |
| Eastern Europe/Russia | 4 (3.9) | 2 (4.0) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (4.1) |
| Middle East | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Any chronic conditionb | 72 (70.6) | 36 (72.0) | 73 (69.5) | 52 (70.3) |
| No chronic condition | 30 (29.4) | 14 (28.0) | 32 (30.5) | 22 (29.7) |
| Asthma | 13 (12.8) | 6 (12.0) | 12 (11.4) | 11 (14.9) |
| Seizures/epilepsy | 17 (16.7) | 5 (10.0) | 12 (11.4) | 10 (13.5) |
| Congenital heart disease (corrected and uncorrected) | 9 (8.8) | 3 (6.0) | 9 (8.6) | 9 (12.2) |
| Cancer (in therapy, remission) | 5 (4.9) | 7 (14.0) | 7 (6.7) | 10 (13.5) |
| Cerebral palsy/encephalopathy | 12 (11.8) | 6 (12.0) | 9 (8.6) | 7 (9.5) |
| Chronic ventilation | 16 (15.7) | 5 (10.0) | 9 (8.6) | 6 (8.1) |
| Diabetes | 1 (1.0) | 5 (10.0) | 7 (6.7) | 5 (6.8) |
| Hypertension | 5 (4.9) | 3 (6.0) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (5.4) |
| Baseline eGFR, median (IQR)c | 140 (101, 198) | 103 (74, 182) | 126 (99, 149) | 113 (81, 166) |
| Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR)c | 0.31 (0.20, 0.44) | 0.44 (0.28, 0.85) | 0.47 (0.29, 0.60) | 0.47 (0.20, 0.87) |
| Admission serum creatinine, mg/dl, median (range)d | 0.34 (0.23, 0.54) | 1.00 (0.60, 1.56) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.62) | 0.82 (0.60, 1.50) |
| Admission reasons | ||||
| Shock/hemodynamic instability | 14 (13.7) | 18 (36.0) | 24 (22.9) | 35 (47.3) |
| Sepsis/infection | 19 (18.6) | 20 (40.0) | 24 (22.9) | 14 (18.9) |
| Respiratory distress | 53 (52.0) | 16 (32.0) | 50 (47.6) | 40 (54.1) |
| CNS symptoms | 21 (20.6) | 2 (4.0) | 13 (12.4) | 3 (4.1) |
| Metabolic derangements | 2 (2.0) | 5 (10.0) | 9 (8.6) | 2 (2.7) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 1 (1.0) | 2 (4.0) | 4 (3.8) | 3 (4.1) |
| Other | 16 (15.7) | 10 (20.0) | 15 (14.3) | 7 (9.5) |
Data presented as N (column percentages) except where indicated.
AKI acute kidney injury, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2), IQR interquartile range.
aBMI/weight-for-height data missing for 68 patients. BMI categories based on CDC definitions; weight-for-height for those <2 years of age, BMI percentile for those 2–20 years, and adult BMI categories for those >20 years.
bCommon chronic conditions presented for those where at least 10 patients had the condition.
cBaseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)/creatinine (mg/dl) missing for 204 patients, so for the remainder, it was estimated based on standard estimating equations (see “Methods” section).
dAdmission creatinine value missing on four patients.