| Concepts |
| Comparison |
Difficulties students face in understanding various programming concepts. |
Identification of threshold programming concepts. |
Yeomans, Zschaler & Coate, 2019 |
| Choice of concepts to solve programming problem (recursion or iteration). |
Identification of concept that was appropriately used to solved programming problem (iteration) . |
Esteero et al., 2018 |
| Cognition |
Cognitive learning in programming loops. |
Identification of students who face difficulties in understanding loops. |
Gomes & Correia, 2018 |
| Students’ understanding of objects and classes. |
Deep analysis of misconceptions in objects and classes. |
Xinogalos, 2015 |
| Programming language |
| Comparison |
Comparison of Python and C to check the impact of programming language on students’ performance. |
Python presented better learning outcomes than C. |
Wainer & Xavier, 2018 |
| Difficulty |
Addressing the difficulties of programming through mixed languages. |
Motivation to learn programming was increased. |
Santana, Figueredo & Bittencourt, 2018 |
